Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum Meal
Proteins have been demonstrated to reduce food intake in animals and humans via peripheral and central mechanisms. Supplementation of a dietetic regimen with single or mixed amino acids might represent an approach to improve the effectiveness of any body weight reduction program in obese subjects. T...
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doaj-2544769195344861bcd42c9a8ecfb45f2020-11-25T02:51:49ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832020-09-0193054305410.3390/jcm9093054Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum MealAntonello E. Rigamonti0Sofia Tamini1Sabrina Cicolini2Alessandra De Col3Diana Caroli4Stefania Mai5Eugenia Rondinelli6Antonella Saezza7Silvano G. Cella8Alessandro Sartorio9Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, ItalyExperimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyExperimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyExperimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyExperimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyExperimental Laboratory of Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyLaboratory of Clinical Analyses, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyDivision of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, ItalyExperimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyProteins have been demonstrated to reduce food intake in animals and humans via peripheral and central mechanisms. Supplementation of a dietetic regimen with single or mixed amino acids might represent an approach to improve the effectiveness of any body weight reduction program in obese subjects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an amino acid mix (L-arginine + L-leucine + L-glutamine + L-tryptophan) on the secretion of some gastrointestinal peptides (i.e., ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide type 1, GLP-1), glucometabolic homeostasis (i.e., glucose, insulin, and glucagon), and appetite (hunger/satiety scored by visual analogue scale, VAS) in obese adolescents (<i>n</i> = 14; 10 females and 4 males; age: 16.6 ± 1.0 years; body mass index (BMI): 36.4 ± 4.6 kg/m²; fat-free mass (FFM): 54.9 ± 4.7%; fat mass (FM): 45.1 ± 4.4%) administered with a fixed-dose (lunch) or ad libitum (dinner) meal. Isocaloric maltodextrins were used as control treatment. During the lunch test, a significant increase in circulating levels of GLP-1, but not of ghrelin, was observed in the amino acid-treated group, which was congruent with significant changes in appetite, i.e., increase in satiety and decrease in hunger. A significant hyperglycemia was found in the maltodextrin-treated group during the prelunch period, without any significant changes in insulin and glucagon between the two groups. During the dinner test, there were no significant differences in appetite (hunger/satiety) and intake of calories. In conclusion, L-arginine, L-leucine, L-glutamine, and L-tryptophan, when administered to obese adolescents with a fixed-dose meal, are capable of evoking an anorexigenic response, which is, at least in part, mediated by an increase in GLP-1 released in circulation by L cells, which are capable of chemosensing specific amino acids present in the intestinal lumen. Further additional studies are requested to understand whether higher doses are necessary to inhibit ad libitum feeding.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/9/3054amino acidsappetitegastrointestinal peptidesobesity |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Antonello E. Rigamonti Sofia Tamini Sabrina Cicolini Alessandra De Col Diana Caroli Stefania Mai Eugenia Rondinelli Antonella Saezza Silvano G. Cella Alessandro Sartorio |
spellingShingle |
Antonello E. Rigamonti Sofia Tamini Sabrina Cicolini Alessandra De Col Diana Caroli Stefania Mai Eugenia Rondinelli Antonella Saezza Silvano G. Cella Alessandro Sartorio Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum Meal Journal of Clinical Medicine amino acids appetite gastrointestinal peptides obesity |
author_facet |
Antonello E. Rigamonti Sofia Tamini Sabrina Cicolini Alessandra De Col Diana Caroli Stefania Mai Eugenia Rondinelli Antonella Saezza Silvano G. Cella Alessandro Sartorio |
author_sort |
Antonello E. Rigamonti |
title |
Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum Meal |
title_short |
Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum Meal |
title_full |
Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum Meal |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum Meal |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum Meal |
title_sort |
evaluation of an amino acid mix on the secretion of gastrointestinal peptides, glucometabolic homeostasis, and appetite in obese adolescents administered with a fixed-dose or ad libitum meal |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Journal of Clinical Medicine |
issn |
2077-0383 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
Proteins have been demonstrated to reduce food intake in animals and humans via peripheral and central mechanisms. Supplementation of a dietetic regimen with single or mixed amino acids might represent an approach to improve the effectiveness of any body weight reduction program in obese subjects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an amino acid mix (L-arginine + L-leucine + L-glutamine + L-tryptophan) on the secretion of some gastrointestinal peptides (i.e., ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide type 1, GLP-1), glucometabolic homeostasis (i.e., glucose, insulin, and glucagon), and appetite (hunger/satiety scored by visual analogue scale, VAS) in obese adolescents (<i>n</i> = 14; 10 females and 4 males; age: 16.6 ± 1.0 years; body mass index (BMI): 36.4 ± 4.6 kg/m²; fat-free mass (FFM): 54.9 ± 4.7%; fat mass (FM): 45.1 ± 4.4%) administered with a fixed-dose (lunch) or ad libitum (dinner) meal. Isocaloric maltodextrins were used as control treatment. During the lunch test, a significant increase in circulating levels of GLP-1, but not of ghrelin, was observed in the amino acid-treated group, which was congruent with significant changes in appetite, i.e., increase in satiety and decrease in hunger. A significant hyperglycemia was found in the maltodextrin-treated group during the prelunch period, without any significant changes in insulin and glucagon between the two groups. During the dinner test, there were no significant differences in appetite (hunger/satiety) and intake of calories. In conclusion, L-arginine, L-leucine, L-glutamine, and L-tryptophan, when administered to obese adolescents with a fixed-dose meal, are capable of evoking an anorexigenic response, which is, at least in part, mediated by an increase in GLP-1 released in circulation by L cells, which are capable of chemosensing specific amino acids present in the intestinal lumen. Further additional studies are requested to understand whether higher doses are necessary to inhibit ad libitum feeding. |
topic |
amino acids appetite gastrointestinal peptides obesity |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/9/3054 |
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