Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum Meal

Proteins have been demonstrated to reduce food intake in animals and humans via peripheral and central mechanisms. Supplementation of a dietetic regimen with single or mixed amino acids might represent an approach to improve the effectiveness of any body weight reduction program in obese subjects. T...

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Main Authors: Antonello E. Rigamonti, Sofia Tamini, Sabrina Cicolini, Alessandra De Col, Diana Caroli, Stefania Mai, Eugenia Rondinelli, Antonella Saezza, Silvano G. Cella, Alessandro Sartorio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-09-01
Series:Journal of Clinical Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/9/3054
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spelling doaj-2544769195344861bcd42c9a8ecfb45f2020-11-25T02:51:49ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832020-09-0193054305410.3390/jcm9093054Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum MealAntonello E. Rigamonti0Sofia Tamini1Sabrina Cicolini2Alessandra De Col3Diana Caroli4Stefania Mai5Eugenia Rondinelli6Antonella Saezza7Silvano G. Cella8Alessandro Sartorio9Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, ItalyExperimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyExperimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyExperimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyExperimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyExperimental Laboratory of Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyLaboratory of Clinical Analyses, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyDivision of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, ItalyExperimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Verbania, ItalyProteins have been demonstrated to reduce food intake in animals and humans via peripheral and central mechanisms. Supplementation of a dietetic regimen with single or mixed amino acids might represent an approach to improve the effectiveness of any body weight reduction program in obese subjects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an amino acid mix (L-arginine + L-leucine + L-glutamine + L-tryptophan) on the secretion of some gastrointestinal peptides (i.e., ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide type 1, GLP-1), glucometabolic homeostasis (i.e., glucose, insulin, and glucagon), and appetite (hunger/satiety scored by visual analogue scale, VAS) in obese adolescents (<i>n</i> = 14; 10 females and 4 males; age: 16.6 ± 1.0 years; body mass index (BMI): 36.4 ± 4.6 kg/m²; fat-free mass (FFM): 54.9 ± 4.7%; fat mass (FM): 45.1 ± 4.4%) administered with a fixed-dose (lunch) or ad libitum (dinner) meal. Isocaloric maltodextrins were used as control treatment. During the lunch test, a significant increase in circulating levels of GLP-1, but not of ghrelin, was observed in the amino acid-treated group, which was congruent with significant changes in appetite, i.e., increase in satiety and decrease in hunger. A significant hyperglycemia was found in the maltodextrin-treated group during the prelunch period, without any significant changes in insulin and glucagon between the two groups. During the dinner test, there were no significant differences in appetite (hunger/satiety) and intake of calories. In conclusion, L-arginine, L-leucine, L-glutamine, and L-tryptophan, when administered to obese adolescents with a fixed-dose meal, are capable of evoking an anorexigenic response, which is, at least in part, mediated by an increase in GLP-1 released in circulation by L cells, which are capable of chemosensing specific amino acids present in the intestinal lumen. Further additional studies are requested to understand whether higher doses are necessary to inhibit ad libitum feeding.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/9/3054amino acidsappetitegastrointestinal peptidesobesity
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Antonello E. Rigamonti
Sofia Tamini
Sabrina Cicolini
Alessandra De Col
Diana Caroli
Stefania Mai
Eugenia Rondinelli
Antonella Saezza
Silvano G. Cella
Alessandro Sartorio
spellingShingle Antonello E. Rigamonti
Sofia Tamini
Sabrina Cicolini
Alessandra De Col
Diana Caroli
Stefania Mai
Eugenia Rondinelli
Antonella Saezza
Silvano G. Cella
Alessandro Sartorio
Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum Meal
Journal of Clinical Medicine
amino acids
appetite
gastrointestinal peptides
obesity
author_facet Antonello E. Rigamonti
Sofia Tamini
Sabrina Cicolini
Alessandra De Col
Diana Caroli
Stefania Mai
Eugenia Rondinelli
Antonella Saezza
Silvano G. Cella
Alessandro Sartorio
author_sort Antonello E. Rigamonti
title Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum Meal
title_short Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum Meal
title_full Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum Meal
title_fullStr Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum Meal
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of an Amino Acid Mix on the Secretion of Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glucometabolic Homeostasis, and Appetite in Obese Adolescents Administered with a Fixed-Dose or ad Libitum Meal
title_sort evaluation of an amino acid mix on the secretion of gastrointestinal peptides, glucometabolic homeostasis, and appetite in obese adolescents administered with a fixed-dose or ad libitum meal
publisher MDPI AG
series Journal of Clinical Medicine
issn 2077-0383
publishDate 2020-09-01
description Proteins have been demonstrated to reduce food intake in animals and humans via peripheral and central mechanisms. Supplementation of a dietetic regimen with single or mixed amino acids might represent an approach to improve the effectiveness of any body weight reduction program in obese subjects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an amino acid mix (L-arginine + L-leucine + L-glutamine + L-tryptophan) on the secretion of some gastrointestinal peptides (i.e., ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide type 1, GLP-1), glucometabolic homeostasis (i.e., glucose, insulin, and glucagon), and appetite (hunger/satiety scored by visual analogue scale, VAS) in obese adolescents (<i>n</i> = 14; 10 females and 4 males; age: 16.6 ± 1.0 years; body mass index (BMI): 36.4 ± 4.6 kg/m²; fat-free mass (FFM): 54.9 ± 4.7%; fat mass (FM): 45.1 ± 4.4%) administered with a fixed-dose (lunch) or ad libitum (dinner) meal. Isocaloric maltodextrins were used as control treatment. During the lunch test, a significant increase in circulating levels of GLP-1, but not of ghrelin, was observed in the amino acid-treated group, which was congruent with significant changes in appetite, i.e., increase in satiety and decrease in hunger. A significant hyperglycemia was found in the maltodextrin-treated group during the prelunch period, without any significant changes in insulin and glucagon between the two groups. During the dinner test, there were no significant differences in appetite (hunger/satiety) and intake of calories. In conclusion, L-arginine, L-leucine, L-glutamine, and L-tryptophan, when administered to obese adolescents with a fixed-dose meal, are capable of evoking an anorexigenic response, which is, at least in part, mediated by an increase in GLP-1 released in circulation by L cells, which are capable of chemosensing specific amino acids present in the intestinal lumen. Further additional studies are requested to understand whether higher doses are necessary to inhibit ad libitum feeding.
topic amino acids
appetite
gastrointestinal peptides
obesity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/9/3054
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