Antitumor Activity of Ficus deltoidea Extract on Oral Cancer: An In Vivo Study
Background. The aim of this study is to evaluate the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities of Ficus deltoidea (FD) in an animal model induced for oral cancer using 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into six groups (n = 7 per group): Gro...
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doaj-25a3d14e437947aea9a0281b67d9904a2020-11-24T23:58:54ZengHindawi LimitedJournal of Oncology1687-84501687-84692020-01-01202010.1155/2020/54904685490468Antitumor Activity of Ficus deltoidea Extract on Oral Cancer: An In Vivo StudyMay Al-koshab0Aied M. Alabsi1Marina Mohd Bakri2Rola Ali-Saeed3Manimalar Selvi Naicker4Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaBackground. The aim of this study is to evaluate the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities of Ficus deltoidea (FD) in an animal model induced for oral cancer using 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into six groups (n = 7 per group): Group 1 (untreated group); Group 2 (control cancer group) received 4NQO only for 8 weeks in their drinking water; Groups 3 and 4 (chemopreventive) received 4NQO for 8 weeks and were simultaneously treated with FD extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively, by oral gavage; Groups 5 and 6 (chemotherapeutic) received 4NQO for 8 weeks followed by the administration of FD extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively, for another 10 weeks. The incidence of oral cancer was microscopically evaluated. Moreover, immunohistochemical expression was analysed in tongue specimens using an image analyser computer system, while the RT2 profiler PCR array method was employed for gene expression analysis. Results. The results of the present study showed a beneficial regression effect of the FD extract on tumor progression. The FD extract significantly reduced the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) from 100% to 14.3% in the high-dose groups. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that the FD extract had significantly decreased the expression of the key tumor marker cyclin D1 and had significantly increased the expression of the β-catenin and e-cadherin antibodies that are associated with enhanced cellular adhesion. Based on the gene expression analysis, FD extract had reduced the expression of the TWIST1 and RAC1 genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and had significantly downregulated the COX-2 and EGFR genes associated with cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Our data suggest that the FD extract exerts chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities in an animal model induced for oral cancer using 4NQO, thus having the potential to be developed as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5490468 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
May Al-koshab Aied M. Alabsi Marina Mohd Bakri Rola Ali-Saeed Manimalar Selvi Naicker |
spellingShingle |
May Al-koshab Aied M. Alabsi Marina Mohd Bakri Rola Ali-Saeed Manimalar Selvi Naicker Antitumor Activity of Ficus deltoidea Extract on Oral Cancer: An In Vivo Study Journal of Oncology |
author_facet |
May Al-koshab Aied M. Alabsi Marina Mohd Bakri Rola Ali-Saeed Manimalar Selvi Naicker |
author_sort |
May Al-koshab |
title |
Antitumor Activity of Ficus deltoidea Extract on Oral Cancer: An In Vivo Study |
title_short |
Antitumor Activity of Ficus deltoidea Extract on Oral Cancer: An In Vivo Study |
title_full |
Antitumor Activity of Ficus deltoidea Extract on Oral Cancer: An In Vivo Study |
title_fullStr |
Antitumor Activity of Ficus deltoidea Extract on Oral Cancer: An In Vivo Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Antitumor Activity of Ficus deltoidea Extract on Oral Cancer: An In Vivo Study |
title_sort |
antitumor activity of ficus deltoidea extract on oral cancer: an in vivo study |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Journal of Oncology |
issn |
1687-8450 1687-8469 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Background. The aim of this study is to evaluate the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities of Ficus deltoidea (FD) in an animal model induced for oral cancer using 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into six groups (n = 7 per group): Group 1 (untreated group); Group 2 (control cancer group) received 4NQO only for 8 weeks in their drinking water; Groups 3 and 4 (chemopreventive) received 4NQO for 8 weeks and were simultaneously treated with FD extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively, by oral gavage; Groups 5 and 6 (chemotherapeutic) received 4NQO for 8 weeks followed by the administration of FD extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively, for another 10 weeks. The incidence of oral cancer was microscopically evaluated. Moreover, immunohistochemical expression was analysed in tongue specimens using an image analyser computer system, while the RT2 profiler PCR array method was employed for gene expression analysis. Results. The results of the present study showed a beneficial regression effect of the FD extract on tumor progression. The FD extract significantly reduced the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) from 100% to 14.3% in the high-dose groups. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that the FD extract had significantly decreased the expression of the key tumor marker cyclin D1 and had significantly increased the expression of the β-catenin and e-cadherin antibodies that are associated with enhanced cellular adhesion. Based on the gene expression analysis, FD extract had reduced the expression of the TWIST1 and RAC1 genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and had significantly downregulated the COX-2 and EGFR genes associated with cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Our data suggest that the FD extract exerts chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities in an animal model induced for oral cancer using 4NQO, thus having the potential to be developed as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5490468 |
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