Statistical Characterization of the Observed Cold Wake Induced by North Atlantic Hurricanes
This work quantifies the magnitude, spatial structure, and temporal evolution of the cold wake left by North Atlantic hurricanes. To this end we composited the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) induced by hurricane observations from 2002 to 2018 derived from the international best track archi...
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doaj-25a5eec4052842d8916f6a6e693d6c432020-11-25T00:10:07ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922019-10-011120236810.3390/rs11202368rs11202368Statistical Characterization of the Observed Cold Wake Induced by North Atlantic HurricanesKoen Haakman0Juan-Manuel Sayol1Carine G. van der Boog2Caroline A. Katsman3Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Building 23, 2628CN Delft, The NetherlandsEnvironmental Fluid Mechanics, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Building 23, 2628CN Delft, The NetherlandsEnvironmental Fluid Mechanics, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Building 23, 2628CN Delft, The NetherlandsEnvironmental Fluid Mechanics, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Building 23, 2628CN Delft, The NetherlandsThis work quantifies the magnitude, spatial structure, and temporal evolution of the cold wake left by North Atlantic hurricanes. To this end we composited the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) induced by hurricane observations from 2002 to 2018 derived from the international best track archive for climate stewardship (IBTrACS). Cold wake characteristics were distinguished by a set of hurricane and oceanic properties: Hurricane translation speed and intensity, and the characteristics of the upper ocean stratification represented by two barrier layer metrics: Barrier layer thickness (BLT) and barrier layer potential energy (BLPE). The contribution of the above properties to the amplitude of the cold wake was analyzed individually and in combination. The mean magnitude of the hurricane-induced cooling was of 1.7 °C when all hurricanes without any distinction were considered, and the largest cooling was found for slow-moving, strong hurricanes passing over thinner barrier layers, with a cooling above 3.5 °C with respect to pre-storm sea surface temperature (SST) conditions. On average the cold wake needed about 60 days to disappear and experienced a strong decay in the first 20 days, when the magnitude of the cold wake had decreased by 80%. Differences between the cold wakes yielded by mostly infrared and merged infrared and microwave remote sensed SST data were also evaluated, with an overall relative underestimation of the hurricane-induced cooling of about 0.4 °C for infrared-mostly data.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/20/2368atlantic oceantropical cyclonehurricanesea surface temperature (sst)cold wakebarrier layerbarrier layer potential energy |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Koen Haakman Juan-Manuel Sayol Carine G. van der Boog Caroline A. Katsman |
spellingShingle |
Koen Haakman Juan-Manuel Sayol Carine G. van der Boog Caroline A. Katsman Statistical Characterization of the Observed Cold Wake Induced by North Atlantic Hurricanes Remote Sensing atlantic ocean tropical cyclone hurricane sea surface temperature (sst) cold wake barrier layer barrier layer potential energy |
author_facet |
Koen Haakman Juan-Manuel Sayol Carine G. van der Boog Caroline A. Katsman |
author_sort |
Koen Haakman |
title |
Statistical Characterization of the Observed Cold Wake Induced by North Atlantic Hurricanes |
title_short |
Statistical Characterization of the Observed Cold Wake Induced by North Atlantic Hurricanes |
title_full |
Statistical Characterization of the Observed Cold Wake Induced by North Atlantic Hurricanes |
title_fullStr |
Statistical Characterization of the Observed Cold Wake Induced by North Atlantic Hurricanes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Statistical Characterization of the Observed Cold Wake Induced by North Atlantic Hurricanes |
title_sort |
statistical characterization of the observed cold wake induced by north atlantic hurricanes |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Remote Sensing |
issn |
2072-4292 |
publishDate |
2019-10-01 |
description |
This work quantifies the magnitude, spatial structure, and temporal evolution of the cold wake left by North Atlantic hurricanes. To this end we composited the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) induced by hurricane observations from 2002 to 2018 derived from the international best track archive for climate stewardship (IBTrACS). Cold wake characteristics were distinguished by a set of hurricane and oceanic properties: Hurricane translation speed and intensity, and the characteristics of the upper ocean stratification represented by two barrier layer metrics: Barrier layer thickness (BLT) and barrier layer potential energy (BLPE). The contribution of the above properties to the amplitude of the cold wake was analyzed individually and in combination. The mean magnitude of the hurricane-induced cooling was of 1.7 °C when all hurricanes without any distinction were considered, and the largest cooling was found for slow-moving, strong hurricanes passing over thinner barrier layers, with a cooling above 3.5 °C with respect to pre-storm sea surface temperature (SST) conditions. On average the cold wake needed about 60 days to disappear and experienced a strong decay in the first 20 days, when the magnitude of the cold wake had decreased by 80%. Differences between the cold wakes yielded by mostly infrared and merged infrared and microwave remote sensed SST data were also evaluated, with an overall relative underestimation of the hurricane-induced cooling of about 0.4 °C for infrared-mostly data. |
topic |
atlantic ocean tropical cyclone hurricane sea surface temperature (sst) cold wake barrier layer barrier layer potential energy |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/20/2368 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT koenhaakman statisticalcharacterizationoftheobservedcoldwakeinducedbynorthatlantichurricanes AT juanmanuelsayol statisticalcharacterizationoftheobservedcoldwakeinducedbynorthatlantichurricanes AT carinegvanderboog statisticalcharacterizationoftheobservedcoldwakeinducedbynorthatlantichurricanes AT carolineakatsman statisticalcharacterizationoftheobservedcoldwakeinducedbynorthatlantichurricanes |
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1725409268362903552 |