Ways of maximal extraction of the information from observations of the astronomical object

• Main Authors: Yu. V. Kornienko, S. I. Skuratovskiy
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Akademperiodyka 2018-12-01
• Series: Радиофизика и электроника
• Subjects: antenna array; astronomical images; phase accumulation; photoclinometry; statistical approach; surface relief
• Online Access: http://re-journal.org.ua/sites/default/files/file_attach/2018-4/5.pdf
• ISSN: 1028-821X; 2415-3400

Subject and purpose. The information obtained from a physical experiment usually is partially degraded by the influence of noise factors. The nature of these factors is dependent on the experiment conditions. But an approach to overcoming this influence is similar in many cases. The researches carried out in the image processing group of IRE NASU for the last ten years were aimed towards searching for the techniques of maximal information extraction from astronomical observation and space experiments. There were several directions of the research. In the context of observations from the surface of the Earth the problems were overcoming of the atmosphere phase distortions and the synthesis of antenna arrays for telescopes and interferometers in different ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the case of space observations we deal with the optimal interpretation problem for their results, in particular the reconstruction of planet surface relief and the processing of images with gravitational lensing effect. Methods and methodology. The common part of all these techniques is using of the statistical approach, i. e. the application of mathematical statistics and the theory of optimal statistical decisions. The common peculiarities of its applications as well as the specific of its application for the certain problems of astronomical image processing are revealed in this paper. Results. As a result the following techniques are developed: the technique of Fourier components phase accumulation for the atmosphere phase noise reduction; the technique for optimal evaluation of the quasar intensity while observing it through a gravitational field of a distant galaxy; the technique for taking into account the altimeter data in photoclinometric reconstruction of a planet surface relief; and a number of techniques of antenna configuration synthesis for telescopes and interferometers. Conclusions. The statistical approach to processing experimental data allows using an information contained in the series of astronomical object images for reconstructing a single, more precise image of this object. It makes possible optimal combining the information from the surface images and the altimeter data for obtaining the surface relief of high resolution with the real values of height. In gravitational lensing images it provides the division of the source of observation from the background. The results demonstrate that the Bayesian statistical approach is the powerful instrument of the research.