Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry Analysis

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, which progresses over time, causing pathological depigmentation of the substantia nigra (SN) in the midbrain due to loss of dopaminergic neurons. Emerging studies revealed the promising effects of some nutrient compounds in reduci...

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Main Authors: Mangala Kumari, Premdass Ramdas, Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan, Methil Kannan Kutty, Nagaraja Haleagrahara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
Series:Nutrients
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1583
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spelling doaj-25beec2f4f5a4bfa8806d5f694f652822021-05-31T23:32:29ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-05-01131583158310.3390/nu13051583Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry AnalysisMangala Kumari0Premdass Ramdas1Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan2Methil Kannan Kutty3Nagaraja Haleagrahara4Department of Anatomy, Division of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaDivision of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, MalaysiaDepartment of Medicine, Lincoln University College, Kelana Jaya, Selangor 47301, MalaysiaCollege of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, AustraliaParkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, which progresses over time, causing pathological depigmentation of the substantia nigra (SN) in the midbrain due to loss of dopaminergic neurons. Emerging studies revealed the promising effects of some nutrient compounds in reducing the risk of PD. One such nutrient compound that possess neuroprotective effects and prevents neurodegeneration is tocotrienol (T3), a vitamin E family member. In the present study, a single dose intracisternal injection of 250 µg 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was used to induce parkinsonism in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Forty-eight hours post injection, the SD rats were orally supplemented with alpha (α)- and gamma (γ)-T3 for 28 days. The neuroprotective effects of α- and γ-T3 were evaluated using behavioural studies and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The findings from this study revealed that supplementation of α- and γ-T3 was able to ameliorate the motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA and improve the neuronal functions by reducing inflammation, reversing the neuronal degradation, and preventing further reduction of dopaminergic neurons in the SN and striatum (STR) fibre density.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1583vitamin Etocotrienolstyrosine hydroxylaseParkinson’s diseaseneurofunctionsneuroglia
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Mangala Kumari
Premdass Ramdas
Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
Methil Kannan Kutty
Nagaraja Haleagrahara
spellingShingle Mangala Kumari
Premdass Ramdas
Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
Methil Kannan Kutty
Nagaraja Haleagrahara
Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry Analysis
Nutrients
vitamin E
tocotrienols
tyrosine hydroxylase
Parkinson’s disease
neurofunctions
neuroglia
author_facet Mangala Kumari
Premdass Ramdas
Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
Methil Kannan Kutty
Nagaraja Haleagrahara
author_sort Mangala Kumari
title Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry Analysis
title_short Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry Analysis
title_full Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry Analysis
title_fullStr Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry Analysis
title_sort tocotrienols ameliorate neurodegeneration and motor deficits in the 6-ohda-induced rat model of parkinsonism: behavioural and immunohistochemistry analysis
publisher MDPI AG
series Nutrients
issn 2072-6643
publishDate 2021-05-01
description Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, which progresses over time, causing pathological depigmentation of the substantia nigra (SN) in the midbrain due to loss of dopaminergic neurons. Emerging studies revealed the promising effects of some nutrient compounds in reducing the risk of PD. One such nutrient compound that possess neuroprotective effects and prevents neurodegeneration is tocotrienol (T3), a vitamin E family member. In the present study, a single dose intracisternal injection of 250 µg 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was used to induce parkinsonism in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Forty-eight hours post injection, the SD rats were orally supplemented with alpha (α)- and gamma (γ)-T3 for 28 days. The neuroprotective effects of α- and γ-T3 were evaluated using behavioural studies and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The findings from this study revealed that supplementation of α- and γ-T3 was able to ameliorate the motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA and improve the neuronal functions by reducing inflammation, reversing the neuronal degradation, and preventing further reduction of dopaminergic neurons in the SN and striatum (STR) fibre density.
topic vitamin E
tocotrienols
tyrosine hydroxylase
Parkinson’s disease
neurofunctions
neuroglia
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1583
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