Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry Analysis
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, which progresses over time, causing pathological depigmentation of the substantia nigra (SN) in the midbrain due to loss of dopaminergic neurons. Emerging studies revealed the promising effects of some nutrient compounds in reduci...
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doaj-25beec2f4f5a4bfa8806d5f694f652822021-05-31T23:32:29ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-05-01131583158310.3390/nu13051583Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry AnalysisMangala Kumari0Premdass Ramdas1Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan2Methil Kannan Kutty3Nagaraja Haleagrahara4Department of Anatomy, Division of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaDivision of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, MalaysiaDepartment of Medicine, Lincoln University College, Kelana Jaya, Selangor 47301, MalaysiaCollege of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, AustraliaParkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, which progresses over time, causing pathological depigmentation of the substantia nigra (SN) in the midbrain due to loss of dopaminergic neurons. Emerging studies revealed the promising effects of some nutrient compounds in reducing the risk of PD. One such nutrient compound that possess neuroprotective effects and prevents neurodegeneration is tocotrienol (T3), a vitamin E family member. In the present study, a single dose intracisternal injection of 250 µg 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was used to induce parkinsonism in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Forty-eight hours post injection, the SD rats were orally supplemented with alpha (α)- and gamma (γ)-T3 for 28 days. The neuroprotective effects of α- and γ-T3 were evaluated using behavioural studies and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The findings from this study revealed that supplementation of α- and γ-T3 was able to ameliorate the motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA and improve the neuronal functions by reducing inflammation, reversing the neuronal degradation, and preventing further reduction of dopaminergic neurons in the SN and striatum (STR) fibre density.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1583vitamin Etocotrienolstyrosine hydroxylaseParkinson’s diseaseneurofunctionsneuroglia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mangala Kumari Premdass Ramdas Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan Methil Kannan Kutty Nagaraja Haleagrahara |
spellingShingle |
Mangala Kumari Premdass Ramdas Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan Methil Kannan Kutty Nagaraja Haleagrahara Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry Analysis Nutrients vitamin E tocotrienols tyrosine hydroxylase Parkinson’s disease neurofunctions neuroglia |
author_facet |
Mangala Kumari Premdass Ramdas Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan Methil Kannan Kutty Nagaraja Haleagrahara |
author_sort |
Mangala Kumari |
title |
Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry Analysis |
title_short |
Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry Analysis |
title_full |
Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry Analysis |
title_fullStr |
Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tocotrienols Ameliorate Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinsonism: Behavioural and Immunohistochemistry Analysis |
title_sort |
tocotrienols ameliorate neurodegeneration and motor deficits in the 6-ohda-induced rat model of parkinsonism: behavioural and immunohistochemistry analysis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, which progresses over time, causing pathological depigmentation of the substantia nigra (SN) in the midbrain due to loss of dopaminergic neurons. Emerging studies revealed the promising effects of some nutrient compounds in reducing the risk of PD. One such nutrient compound that possess neuroprotective effects and prevents neurodegeneration is tocotrienol (T3), a vitamin E family member. In the present study, a single dose intracisternal injection of 250 µg 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was used to induce parkinsonism in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Forty-eight hours post injection, the SD rats were orally supplemented with alpha (α)- and gamma (γ)-T3 for 28 days. The neuroprotective effects of α- and γ-T3 were evaluated using behavioural studies and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The findings from this study revealed that supplementation of α- and γ-T3 was able to ameliorate the motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA and improve the neuronal functions by reducing inflammation, reversing the neuronal degradation, and preventing further reduction of dopaminergic neurons in the SN and striatum (STR) fibre density. |
topic |
vitamin E tocotrienols tyrosine hydroxylase Parkinson’s disease neurofunctions neuroglia |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1583 |
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