IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35: A Cytokine Triumvirate in Cancer
The role of the immune system in anti-tumor immunity cannot be overstated, as it holds the potential to promote tumor eradication or prevent tumor cell escape. Cytokines are critical to influencing the immune responses and interactions with non-immune cells. Recently, the IL-12 and IL-6 family of cy...
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2019-10-01
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doaj-260fb9bd7abf44e9bbf0732b190f0f9d2020-11-25T02:09:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2019-10-01910.3389/fonc.2019.00969477112IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35: A Cytokine Triumvirate in CancerOlena KourkoKyle SeaverNatalya OdoardiSameh BastaKatrina GeeThe role of the immune system in anti-tumor immunity cannot be overstated, as it holds the potential to promote tumor eradication or prevent tumor cell escape. Cytokines are critical to influencing the immune responses and interactions with non-immune cells. Recently, the IL-12 and IL-6 family of cytokines have accumulated newly defined members each with specific immune functions related to various cancers and tumorigenesis. There is a need to better understand how cytokines like IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35 interact with one another, and how a developing tumor can exploit these interactions to enhance immune suppression. Current cytokine-based immunotherapies are associated with cytotoxic side effects which limits the success of treatment. In addition to this toxicity, understanding the complex interactions between immune and cancer cells may be one of the greatest challenges to developing a successful immunotherapy. In this review, we bring forth IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35, “sister cytokines,” along with more recent additions to the IL-12 family, which serve distinct purposes despite sharing structural similarities. We highlight how these cytokines function in the tumor microenvironment by examining their direct effects on cancer cells as well their indirect actions via regulatory functions of immune cells that act to either instigate or inhibit tumor progression. Understanding the context dependent immunomodulatory outcomes of these sister cytokines, as well as their regulation within the tumor microenvironment, may shed light onto novel cancer therapeutic treatments or targets.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2019.00969/fullcytokinessignalingimmunotherapytumor microenvironmentcancer |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Olena Kourko Kyle Seaver Natalya Odoardi Sameh Basta Katrina Gee |
spellingShingle |
Olena Kourko Kyle Seaver Natalya Odoardi Sameh Basta Katrina Gee IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35: A Cytokine Triumvirate in Cancer Frontiers in Oncology cytokines signaling immunotherapy tumor microenvironment cancer |
author_facet |
Olena Kourko Kyle Seaver Natalya Odoardi Sameh Basta Katrina Gee |
author_sort |
Olena Kourko |
title |
IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35: A Cytokine Triumvirate in Cancer |
title_short |
IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35: A Cytokine Triumvirate in Cancer |
title_full |
IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35: A Cytokine Triumvirate in Cancer |
title_fullStr |
IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35: A Cytokine Triumvirate in Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed |
IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35: A Cytokine Triumvirate in Cancer |
title_sort |
il-27, il-30, and il-35: a cytokine triumvirate in cancer |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Oncology |
issn |
2234-943X |
publishDate |
2019-10-01 |
description |
The role of the immune system in anti-tumor immunity cannot be overstated, as it holds the potential to promote tumor eradication or prevent tumor cell escape. Cytokines are critical to influencing the immune responses and interactions with non-immune cells. Recently, the IL-12 and IL-6 family of cytokines have accumulated newly defined members each with specific immune functions related to various cancers and tumorigenesis. There is a need to better understand how cytokines like IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35 interact with one another, and how a developing tumor can exploit these interactions to enhance immune suppression. Current cytokine-based immunotherapies are associated with cytotoxic side effects which limits the success of treatment. In addition to this toxicity, understanding the complex interactions between immune and cancer cells may be one of the greatest challenges to developing a successful immunotherapy. In this review, we bring forth IL-27, IL-30, and IL-35, “sister cytokines,” along with more recent additions to the IL-12 family, which serve distinct purposes despite sharing structural similarities. We highlight how these cytokines function in the tumor microenvironment by examining their direct effects on cancer cells as well their indirect actions via regulatory functions of immune cells that act to either instigate or inhibit tumor progression. Understanding the context dependent immunomodulatory outcomes of these sister cytokines, as well as their regulation within the tumor microenvironment, may shed light onto novel cancer therapeutic treatments or targets. |
topic |
cytokines signaling immunotherapy tumor microenvironment cancer |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2019.00969/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT olenakourko il27il30andil35acytokinetriumvirateincancer AT kyleseaver il27il30andil35acytokinetriumvirateincancer AT natalyaodoardi il27il30andil35acytokinetriumvirateincancer AT samehbasta il27il30andil35acytokinetriumvirateincancer AT katrinagee il27il30andil35acytokinetriumvirateincancer |
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