Effects of Doxycycline on gene expression in <it>Wolbachia </it>and <it>Brugia malayi </it>adult female worms in vivo
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Most filarial nematodes contain <it>Wolbachia </it>symbionts. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of doxycycline on gene expression in <it>Wolbachia </it>and adult female <it>Brugia mala...
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doaj-264febc507fc425f9e7a0705ee1957f62020-11-25T01:06:01ZengBMCJournal of Biomedical Science1021-77701423-01272012-02-011912110.1186/1423-0127-19-21Effects of Doxycycline on gene expression in <it>Wolbachia </it>and <it>Brugia malayi </it>adult female worms in vivoRao Ramakrishna UHuang YuefangAbubucker SaharHeinz MichaelCrosby Seth DMitreva MakedonkaWeil Gary J<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Most filarial nematodes contain <it>Wolbachia </it>symbionts. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of doxycycline on gene expression in <it>Wolbachia </it>and adult female <it>Brugia malayi</it>.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>Brugia malayi </it>infected gerbils were treated with doxycycline for 6-weeks. This treatment largely cleared <it>Wolbachia </it>and arrested worm reproduction. RNA recovered from treated and control female worms was labeled by random priming and hybridized to the Version 2- filarial microarray to obtain expression profiles.</p> <p>Results and discussion</p> <p>Results showed significant changes in expression for 200 <it>Wolbachia </it>(29% of <it>Wolbachia </it>genes with expression signals in untreated worms) and 546 <it>B. malayi </it>array elements after treatment. These elements correspond to known genes and also to novel genes with unknown biological functions. Most differentially expressed <it>Wolbachia </it>genes were down-regulated after treatment (98.5%). In contrast, doxycycline had a mixed effect on <it>B. malayi </it>gene expression with many more genes being significantly up-regulated after treatment (85% of differentially expressed genes). Genes and processes involved in reproduction (gender-regulated genes, collagen, amino acid metabolism, ribosomal processes, and cytoskeleton) were down-regulated after doxycycline while up-regulated genes and pathways suggest adaptations for survival in response to stress (energy metabolism, electron transport, anti-oxidants, nutrient transport, bacterial signaling pathways, and immune evasion).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Doxycycline reduced <it>Wolbachia </it>and significantly decreased bacterial gene expression. <it>Wolbachia </it>ribosomes are believed to be the primary biological target for doxycycline in filarial worms. <it>B. malayi </it>genes essential for reproduction, growth and development were also down-regulated; these changes are consistent with doxycycline effects on embryo development and reproduction. On the other hand, many <it>B. malayi </it>genes involved in energy production, electron-transport, metabolism, anti-oxidants, and others with unknown functions had increased expression signals after doxycycline treatment. These results suggest that female worms are able to compensate in part for the loss of <it>Wolbachia </it>so that they can survive, albeit without reproductive capacity. This study of doxycycline induced changes in gene expression has provided new clues regarding the symbiotic relationship between <it>Wolbachia </it>and <it>B. malayi</it>.</p> http://www.jbiomedsci.com/content/19/1/21Doxycycline<it>Brugia malayi</it><it>Wolbachia</it>FilariasisGene expressionMicroarray |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Rao Ramakrishna U Huang Yuefang Abubucker Sahar Heinz Michael Crosby Seth D Mitreva Makedonka Weil Gary J |
spellingShingle |
Rao Ramakrishna U Huang Yuefang Abubucker Sahar Heinz Michael Crosby Seth D Mitreva Makedonka Weil Gary J Effects of Doxycycline on gene expression in <it>Wolbachia </it>and <it>Brugia malayi </it>adult female worms in vivo Journal of Biomedical Science Doxycycline <it>Brugia malayi</it> <it>Wolbachia</it> Filariasis Gene expression Microarray |
author_facet |
Rao Ramakrishna U Huang Yuefang Abubucker Sahar Heinz Michael Crosby Seth D Mitreva Makedonka Weil Gary J |
author_sort |
Rao Ramakrishna U |
title |
Effects of Doxycycline on gene expression in <it>Wolbachia </it>and <it>Brugia malayi </it>adult female worms in vivo |
title_short |
Effects of Doxycycline on gene expression in <it>Wolbachia </it>and <it>Brugia malayi </it>adult female worms in vivo |
title_full |
Effects of Doxycycline on gene expression in <it>Wolbachia </it>and <it>Brugia malayi </it>adult female worms in vivo |
title_fullStr |
Effects of Doxycycline on gene expression in <it>Wolbachia </it>and <it>Brugia malayi </it>adult female worms in vivo |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Doxycycline on gene expression in <it>Wolbachia </it>and <it>Brugia malayi </it>adult female worms in vivo |
title_sort |
effects of doxycycline on gene expression in <it>wolbachia </it>and <it>brugia malayi </it>adult female worms in vivo |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Journal of Biomedical Science |
issn |
1021-7770 1423-0127 |
publishDate |
2012-02-01 |
description |
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Most filarial nematodes contain <it>Wolbachia </it>symbionts. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of doxycycline on gene expression in <it>Wolbachia </it>and adult female <it>Brugia malayi</it>.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>Brugia malayi </it>infected gerbils were treated with doxycycline for 6-weeks. This treatment largely cleared <it>Wolbachia </it>and arrested worm reproduction. RNA recovered from treated and control female worms was labeled by random priming and hybridized to the Version 2- filarial microarray to obtain expression profiles.</p> <p>Results and discussion</p> <p>Results showed significant changes in expression for 200 <it>Wolbachia </it>(29% of <it>Wolbachia </it>genes with expression signals in untreated worms) and 546 <it>B. malayi </it>array elements after treatment. These elements correspond to known genes and also to novel genes with unknown biological functions. Most differentially expressed <it>Wolbachia </it>genes were down-regulated after treatment (98.5%). In contrast, doxycycline had a mixed effect on <it>B. malayi </it>gene expression with many more genes being significantly up-regulated after treatment (85% of differentially expressed genes). Genes and processes involved in reproduction (gender-regulated genes, collagen, amino acid metabolism, ribosomal processes, and cytoskeleton) were down-regulated after doxycycline while up-regulated genes and pathways suggest adaptations for survival in response to stress (energy metabolism, electron transport, anti-oxidants, nutrient transport, bacterial signaling pathways, and immune evasion).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Doxycycline reduced <it>Wolbachia </it>and significantly decreased bacterial gene expression. <it>Wolbachia </it>ribosomes are believed to be the primary biological target for doxycycline in filarial worms. <it>B. malayi </it>genes essential for reproduction, growth and development were also down-regulated; these changes are consistent with doxycycline effects on embryo development and reproduction. On the other hand, many <it>B. malayi </it>genes involved in energy production, electron-transport, metabolism, anti-oxidants, and others with unknown functions had increased expression signals after doxycycline treatment. These results suggest that female worms are able to compensate in part for the loss of <it>Wolbachia </it>so that they can survive, albeit without reproductive capacity. This study of doxycycline induced changes in gene expression has provided new clues regarding the symbiotic relationship between <it>Wolbachia </it>and <it>B. malayi</it>.</p> |
topic |
Doxycycline <it>Brugia malayi</it> <it>Wolbachia</it> Filariasis Gene expression Microarray |
url |
http://www.jbiomedsci.com/content/19/1/21 |
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