The Low-Renin Hypertension Phenotype: Genetics and the Role of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor
A substantial proportion of patients with hypertension have a low or suppressed renin. This phenotype of low-renin hypertension (LRH) may be the manifestation of inherited genetic syndromes, acquired somatic mutations, or environmental exposures. Activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor is a com...
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doaj-26fbecee7c3b4620ae4e02836d5504422020-11-24T23:51:48ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672018-02-0119254610.3390/ijms19020546ijms19020546The Low-Renin Hypertension Phenotype: Genetics and the Role of the Mineralocorticoid ReceptorRene Baudrand0Anand Vaidya1Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine Hypertension and Adrenal Disease Program, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile, Santiago 8330074, ChileDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Hypertension, Center for Adrenal Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USAA substantial proportion of patients with hypertension have a low or suppressed renin. This phenotype of low-renin hypertension (LRH) may be the manifestation of inherited genetic syndromes, acquired somatic mutations, or environmental exposures. Activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor is a common final mechanism for the development of LRH. Classically, the individual causes of LRH have been considered to be rare diseases; however, recent advances suggest that there are milder and “non-classical” variants of many LRH-inducing conditions. In this regard, our understanding of the underlying genetics and mechanisms accounting for LRH, and therefore, potentially the pathogenesis of a large subset of essential hypertension, is evolving. This review will discuss the potential causes of LRH, with a focus on implicated genetic mechanisms, the expanding recognition of non-classical variants of conditions that induce LRH, and the role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in determining this phenotype.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/2/546reninlow-reninhypertensionmineralocorticoid receptorgeneticsaldosterone |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Rene Baudrand Anand Vaidya |
spellingShingle |
Rene Baudrand Anand Vaidya The Low-Renin Hypertension Phenotype: Genetics and the Role of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor International Journal of Molecular Sciences renin low-renin hypertension mineralocorticoid receptor genetics aldosterone |
author_facet |
Rene Baudrand Anand Vaidya |
author_sort |
Rene Baudrand |
title |
The Low-Renin Hypertension Phenotype: Genetics and the Role of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor |
title_short |
The Low-Renin Hypertension Phenotype: Genetics and the Role of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor |
title_full |
The Low-Renin Hypertension Phenotype: Genetics and the Role of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor |
title_fullStr |
The Low-Renin Hypertension Phenotype: Genetics and the Role of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Low-Renin Hypertension Phenotype: Genetics and the Role of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor |
title_sort |
low-renin hypertension phenotype: genetics and the role of the mineralocorticoid receptor |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2018-02-01 |
description |
A substantial proportion of patients with hypertension have a low or suppressed renin. This phenotype of low-renin hypertension (LRH) may be the manifestation of inherited genetic syndromes, acquired somatic mutations, or environmental exposures. Activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor is a common final mechanism for the development of LRH. Classically, the individual causes of LRH have been considered to be rare diseases; however, recent advances suggest that there are milder and “non-classical” variants of many LRH-inducing conditions. In this regard, our understanding of the underlying genetics and mechanisms accounting for LRH, and therefore, potentially the pathogenesis of a large subset of essential hypertension, is evolving. This review will discuss the potential causes of LRH, with a focus on implicated genetic mechanisms, the expanding recognition of non-classical variants of conditions that induce LRH, and the role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in determining this phenotype. |
topic |
renin low-renin hypertension mineralocorticoid receptor genetics aldosterone |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/2/546 |
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