Direct Amide Synthesis over Composite Magnetic Catalysts in a Continuous Flow Reactor

Direct Amide Synthesis over Composite Magnetic Catalysts in a Continuous Flow Reactor

Composite magnetic catalysts containing different amounts of sulfated titania (33–50 wt %) have been prepared by means of high energy ball-milling between TiO<sub>2</sub> and NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The catalysts have been characterized with N<sub>2&l...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yawen Liu, Evgeny V. Rebrov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-01-01
Series:Catalysts
Subjects:
sulfated titania
composite magnetic catalysts
inductive heating
direct amide synthesis
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/2/146
id doaj-279a036bcf1740daab08eb27168386a6
record_format Article
spelling doaj-279a036bcf1740daab08eb27168386a62021-01-21T00:00:27ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442021-01-011114614610.3390/catal11020146Direct Amide Synthesis over Composite Magnetic Catalysts in a Continuous Flow ReactorYawen Liu0Evgeny V. Rebrov1School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKSchool of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKComposite magnetic catalysts containing different amounts of sulfated titania (33–50 wt %) have been prepared by means of high energy ball-milling between TiO<sub>2</sub> and NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The catalysts have been characterized with N<sub>2</sub> adsorption/desorption isotherms, XRD, temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The catalytic activity was measured in the reaction of aniline and 4-phenylbutyric acid in the continuous mode under conventional and inductive heating. The effect of catalyst loading in the reactor on reaction and deactivation has been studied, indicating the catalyst containing 50 wt % titania gave the highest reaction rate and least deactivation. The operation in a flow reactor under inductive heating increased the amide yield by 25% as compared to conventional heating. The initial reaction rate decreased by 30% after a period of 15 h on stream. The catalyst activity was fully restored after a treatment with an air flow at 400 °C.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/2/146sulfated titaniacomposite magnetic catalystsinductive heatingdirect amide synthesis
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Yawen Liu
Evgeny V. Rebrov
spellingShingle Yawen Liu
Evgeny V. Rebrov
Direct Amide Synthesis over Composite Magnetic Catalysts in a Continuous Flow Reactor
Catalysts
sulfated titania
composite magnetic catalysts
inductive heating
direct amide synthesis
author_facet Yawen Liu
Evgeny V. Rebrov
author_sort Yawen Liu
title Direct Amide Synthesis over Composite Magnetic Catalysts in a Continuous Flow Reactor
title_short Direct Amide Synthesis over Composite Magnetic Catalysts in a Continuous Flow Reactor
title_full Direct Amide Synthesis over Composite Magnetic Catalysts in a Continuous Flow Reactor
title_fullStr Direct Amide Synthesis over Composite Magnetic Catalysts in a Continuous Flow Reactor
title_full_unstemmed Direct Amide Synthesis over Composite Magnetic Catalysts in a Continuous Flow Reactor
title_sort direct amide synthesis over composite magnetic catalysts in a continuous flow reactor
publisher MDPI AG
series Catalysts
issn 2073-4344
publishDate 2021-01-01
description Composite magnetic catalysts containing different amounts of sulfated titania (33–50 wt %) have been prepared by means of high energy ball-milling between TiO<sub>2</sub> and NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The catalysts have been characterized with N<sub>2</sub> adsorption/desorption isotherms, XRD, temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The catalytic activity was measured in the reaction of aniline and 4-phenylbutyric acid in the continuous mode under conventional and inductive heating. The effect of catalyst loading in the reactor on reaction and deactivation has been studied, indicating the catalyst containing 50 wt % titania gave the highest reaction rate and least deactivation. The operation in a flow reactor under inductive heating increased the amide yield by 25% as compared to conventional heating. The initial reaction rate decreased by 30% after a period of 15 h on stream. The catalyst activity was fully restored after a treatment with an air flow at 400 °C.
topic sulfated titania
composite magnetic catalysts
inductive heating
direct amide synthesis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/2/146
work_keys_str_mv AT yawenliu directamidesynthesisovercompositemagneticcatalystsinacontinuousflowreactor
AT evgenyvrebrov directamidesynthesisovercompositemagneticcatalystsinacontinuousflowreactor
_version_ 1724330476913557504

Similar Items