Assessment of Technological Capabilities for Forming Al-C-B System Coatings on Steel Surfaces by Electrospark Alloying Method
In this paper, the possibility of applying the electrospark alloying (ESA) method to obtain boron-containing coatings characterised by increased hardness and wear resistance is considered. A new method for producing such coatings is proposed. The method consists in applying grease containing alumini...
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doaj-27bc629fa88c4032bd2e90acc960d80a2021-02-06T00:00:46ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-02-011473973910.3390/ma14040739Assessment of Technological Capabilities for Forming Al-C-B System Coatings on Steel Surfaces by Electrospark Alloying MethodBogdan Antoszewski0Oksana P. Gaponova1Viacheslav B. Tarelnyk2Oleksandr M. Myslyvchenko3Piotr Kurp4Tetyana I. Zhylenko5Ievgen Konoplianchenko6Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiąclecia P.P. 7, 25-314 Kielce, PolandThe Department of Applied Material Science and Technology of Constructional Materials, Sumy State University, R. Korsakov Str., 2, 40007 Sumy, UkraineTechnical Services Department, Sumy National Agrarian University, H. Kondratiieva Str., 160, 40021 Sumy, UkraineDepartment of Physical Chemistry of Inorganic Materials, Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science, Krzhizhanovsky Str. 3, 03142 Kyiv, UkraineLaser Research Centre, Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiąclecia P.P. 7, 25-314 Kielce, PolandThe Department of Applied Material Science and Technology of Constructional Materials, Sumy State University, R. Korsakov Str., 2, 40007 Sumy, UkraineTechnical Services Department, Sumy National Agrarian University, H. Kondratiieva Str., 160, 40021 Sumy, UkraineIn this paper, the possibility of applying the electrospark alloying (ESA) method to obtain boron-containing coatings characterised by increased hardness and wear resistance is considered. A new method for producing such coatings is proposed. The method consists in applying grease containing aluminium powder and amorphous boron to the surface to be treated and subsequently processing the obtained surface using the ESA method by a graphite electrode. The microstructural analysis of the Al-C-B coatings on steel C40 showed that the surface layer consists of several zones, the number and parameters of which are determined by the energy conditions of the ESA process. Durametric studies showed that with an increase in the discharge energy influence, the microhardness values of both the upper strengthened layer and the diffusion zone increased to W<sub>p</sub> = 0.13 J, Hµ = 6487 MPa, and W<sub>p</sub> = 4.9 J, Hµ = 12350 MPa, respectively. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis indicate that at the discharge energies of 0.13 and 0.55 J, the phase composition of the coating is represented by solid solutions of body-centred cubic lattice (BCC) and face-centred cubic lattice (FCC). The coatings obtained at W<sub>p</sub> = 4.9 J were characterised by the presence of intermetallics Fe<sub>4</sub>Al<sub>13</sub> and borocementite Fe<sub>3</sub> (CB) in addition to the solid solutions. The X-ray spectral analysis of the obtained coatings indicated that during the electrospark alloying process, the surface layers were saturated with aluminium, boron, and carbon. With increasing discharge energy, the diffusion zone increases; during the ESA process with the use of the discharge energy of 0.13 J for steel C40, the diffusion zone is 10–15 μm. When replacing a substrate made of steel C40 with the same one material but of steel C22, an increase in the thickness of the surface layer accompanied by a slight decrease in microhardness is observed as a result of processing with the use of the ESA method. There were simulated phase portraits of the Al-C-B coatings. It is shown that near the stationary points in the phase portraits, one can see either a slowing down of the evolution or a spiral twisting of the diffusion-process particle.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/739electrospark alloyingcoatingsmicrohardnesscontinuityroughnessstructure |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bogdan Antoszewski Oksana P. Gaponova Viacheslav B. Tarelnyk Oleksandr M. Myslyvchenko Piotr Kurp Tetyana I. Zhylenko Ievgen Konoplianchenko |
spellingShingle |
Bogdan Antoszewski Oksana P. Gaponova Viacheslav B. Tarelnyk Oleksandr M. Myslyvchenko Piotr Kurp Tetyana I. Zhylenko Ievgen Konoplianchenko Assessment of Technological Capabilities for Forming Al-C-B System Coatings on Steel Surfaces by Electrospark Alloying Method Materials electrospark alloying coatings microhardness continuity roughness structure |
author_facet |
Bogdan Antoszewski Oksana P. Gaponova Viacheslav B. Tarelnyk Oleksandr M. Myslyvchenko Piotr Kurp Tetyana I. Zhylenko Ievgen Konoplianchenko |
author_sort |
Bogdan Antoszewski |
title |
Assessment of Technological Capabilities for Forming Al-C-B System Coatings on Steel Surfaces by Electrospark Alloying Method |
title_short |
Assessment of Technological Capabilities for Forming Al-C-B System Coatings on Steel Surfaces by Electrospark Alloying Method |
title_full |
Assessment of Technological Capabilities for Forming Al-C-B System Coatings on Steel Surfaces by Electrospark Alloying Method |
title_fullStr |
Assessment of Technological Capabilities for Forming Al-C-B System Coatings on Steel Surfaces by Electrospark Alloying Method |
title_full_unstemmed |
Assessment of Technological Capabilities for Forming Al-C-B System Coatings on Steel Surfaces by Electrospark Alloying Method |
title_sort |
assessment of technological capabilities for forming al-c-b system coatings on steel surfaces by electrospark alloying method |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
In this paper, the possibility of applying the electrospark alloying (ESA) method to obtain boron-containing coatings characterised by increased hardness and wear resistance is considered. A new method for producing such coatings is proposed. The method consists in applying grease containing aluminium powder and amorphous boron to the surface to be treated and subsequently processing the obtained surface using the ESA method by a graphite electrode. The microstructural analysis of the Al-C-B coatings on steel C40 showed that the surface layer consists of several zones, the number and parameters of which are determined by the energy conditions of the ESA process. Durametric studies showed that with an increase in the discharge energy influence, the microhardness values of both the upper strengthened layer and the diffusion zone increased to W<sub>p</sub> = 0.13 J, Hµ = 6487 MPa, and W<sub>p</sub> = 4.9 J, Hµ = 12350 MPa, respectively. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis indicate that at the discharge energies of 0.13 and 0.55 J, the phase composition of the coating is represented by solid solutions of body-centred cubic lattice (BCC) and face-centred cubic lattice (FCC). The coatings obtained at W<sub>p</sub> = 4.9 J were characterised by the presence of intermetallics Fe<sub>4</sub>Al<sub>13</sub> and borocementite Fe<sub>3</sub> (CB) in addition to the solid solutions. The X-ray spectral analysis of the obtained coatings indicated that during the electrospark alloying process, the surface layers were saturated with aluminium, boron, and carbon. With increasing discharge energy, the diffusion zone increases; during the ESA process with the use of the discharge energy of 0.13 J for steel C40, the diffusion zone is 10–15 μm. When replacing a substrate made of steel C40 with the same one material but of steel C22, an increase in the thickness of the surface layer accompanied by a slight decrease in microhardness is observed as a result of processing with the use of the ESA method. There were simulated phase portraits of the Al-C-B coatings. It is shown that near the stationary points in the phase portraits, one can see either a slowing down of the evolution or a spiral twisting of the diffusion-process particle. |
topic |
electrospark alloying coatings microhardness continuity roughness structure |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/739 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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