The Role of Phyto-Melatonin and Related Metabolites in Response to Stress
Plant hormone candidate melatonin has been widely studied in plants under various stress conditions, such as heat, cold, salt, drought, heavy metal, and pathogen attack. Under stress, melatonin usually accumulates sharply by modulating its biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. Beginning from the prec...
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doaj-27dbf95a0aae4d1ea906616059180b052020-11-24T23:13:09ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492018-07-01238188710.3390/molecules23081887molecules23081887The Role of Phyto-Melatonin and Related Metabolites in Response to StressYang Yu0Yan Lv1Yana Shi2Tao Li3Yanchun Chen4Dake Zhao5Zhiwei Zhao6State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, ChinaSchool of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, ChinaSchool of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, ChinaBiocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, ChinaPlant hormone candidate melatonin has been widely studied in plants under various stress conditions, such as heat, cold, salt, drought, heavy metal, and pathogen attack. Under stress, melatonin usually accumulates sharply by modulating its biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. Beginning from the precursor tryptophan, four consecutive enzymes mediate the biosynthesis of tryptamine or 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, N-acetylserotonin or 5-methoxytryptamine, and melatonin. Then, the compound is catabolized into 2-hydroxymelatonin, cyclic-3-hydroxymelatonin, and N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxyknuramine through 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase catalysis or reaction with reactive oxygen species. As an ancient and powerful antioxidant, melatonin directly scavenges ROS induced by various stress conditions. Furthermore, it confreres stress tolerance by activating the plant’s antioxidant system, alleviating photosynthesis inhibition, modulating transcription factors that are involved with stress resisting, and chelating and promoting the transport of heavy metals. Melatonin is even proven to defense against pathogen attacks for the plant by activating other stress-relevant hormones, like salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid. Intriguingly, other precursors and metabolite molecules involved with melatonin also can increase stress tolerance for plant except for unconfirmed 5-methoxytryptamine, cyclic-3-hydroxymelatonin, and N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxyknuramine. Therefore, the precursors and metabolites locating at the whole biosynthesis and catabolism pathway of melatonin could contribute to plant stress resistance, thus providing a new perspective for promoting plant stress tolerance.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/8/1887melatoninreactive oxygen speciesbiosynthesiscatabolismstress resistance |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yang Yu Yan Lv Yana Shi Tao Li Yanchun Chen Dake Zhao Zhiwei Zhao |
spellingShingle |
Yang Yu Yan Lv Yana Shi Tao Li Yanchun Chen Dake Zhao Zhiwei Zhao The Role of Phyto-Melatonin and Related Metabolites in Response to Stress Molecules melatonin reactive oxygen species biosynthesis catabolism stress resistance |
author_facet |
Yang Yu Yan Lv Yana Shi Tao Li Yanchun Chen Dake Zhao Zhiwei Zhao |
author_sort |
Yang Yu |
title |
The Role of Phyto-Melatonin and Related Metabolites in Response to Stress |
title_short |
The Role of Phyto-Melatonin and Related Metabolites in Response to Stress |
title_full |
The Role of Phyto-Melatonin and Related Metabolites in Response to Stress |
title_fullStr |
The Role of Phyto-Melatonin and Related Metabolites in Response to Stress |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Role of Phyto-Melatonin and Related Metabolites in Response to Stress |
title_sort |
role of phyto-melatonin and related metabolites in response to stress |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2018-07-01 |
description |
Plant hormone candidate melatonin has been widely studied in plants under various stress conditions, such as heat, cold, salt, drought, heavy metal, and pathogen attack. Under stress, melatonin usually accumulates sharply by modulating its biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. Beginning from the precursor tryptophan, four consecutive enzymes mediate the biosynthesis of tryptamine or 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, N-acetylserotonin or 5-methoxytryptamine, and melatonin. Then, the compound is catabolized into 2-hydroxymelatonin, cyclic-3-hydroxymelatonin, and N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxyknuramine through 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase catalysis or reaction with reactive oxygen species. As an ancient and powerful antioxidant, melatonin directly scavenges ROS induced by various stress conditions. Furthermore, it confreres stress tolerance by activating the plant’s antioxidant system, alleviating photosynthesis inhibition, modulating transcription factors that are involved with stress resisting, and chelating and promoting the transport of heavy metals. Melatonin is even proven to defense against pathogen attacks for the plant by activating other stress-relevant hormones, like salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid. Intriguingly, other precursors and metabolite molecules involved with melatonin also can increase stress tolerance for plant except for unconfirmed 5-methoxytryptamine, cyclic-3-hydroxymelatonin, and N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxyknuramine. Therefore, the precursors and metabolites locating at the whole biosynthesis and catabolism pathway of melatonin could contribute to plant stress resistance, thus providing a new perspective for promoting plant stress tolerance. |
topic |
melatonin reactive oxygen species biosynthesis catabolism stress resistance |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/8/1887 |
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