Thermal Behavior of Ti-64 Primary Material in Electron Beam Melting Process
The Electron Beam Melting (EBM) process has emerged as either an alternative or a complement to vacuum arc remelting of titanium alloys, since it is capable of enhancing the removal of exogenous inclusions by dissolution or sedimentation. The melting of the primary material is a first step of this c...
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doaj-27f8707e6f754f05b85e17d702e5214e2021-06-01T01:13:37ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-05-01142853285310.3390/ma14112853Thermal Behavior of Ti-64 Primary Material in Electron Beam Melting ProcessJean-Pierre Bellot0Julien Jourdan1Jean-Sébastien Kroll-Rabotin2Thibault Quatravaux3Alain Jardy4Institut Jean Lamour—UMR CNRS 7198, LabEx DAMAS, Campus Artem, Université de Lorraine, 2 allée André Guinier, 54000 Nancy, FranceInstitut Jean Lamour—UMR CNRS 7198, LabEx DAMAS, Campus Artem, Université de Lorraine, 2 allée André Guinier, 54000 Nancy, FranceInstitut Jean Lamour—UMR CNRS 7198, LabEx DAMAS, Campus Artem, Université de Lorraine, 2 allée André Guinier, 54000 Nancy, FranceInstitut Jean Lamour—UMR CNRS 7198, LabEx DAMAS, Campus Artem, Université de Lorraine, 2 allée André Guinier, 54000 Nancy, FranceInstitut Jean Lamour—UMR CNRS 7198, LabEx DAMAS, Campus Artem, Université de Lorraine, 2 allée André Guinier, 54000 Nancy, FranceThe Electron Beam Melting (EBM) process has emerged as either an alternative or a complement to vacuum arc remelting of titanium alloys, since it is capable of enhancing the removal of exogenous inclusions by dissolution or sedimentation. The melting of the primary material is a first step of this continuous process, which has not been studied so far and is investigated experimentally and numerically in the present study. Experiments have been set up in a 100 kW laboratory furnace with the aim of analyzing the effect of melting rate on surface temperature of Ti-64 bars. It was found that melting rate is nearly proportional to the EB power while the overheating temperature remains roughly independent of the melting rate and equal to about 100 °C. The emissivity of molten Ti-64 was found to be 0.22 at an average temperature of about 1760 °C at the tip of the bar. In parallel, a mathematical model of the thermal behavior of the material during melting has been developed. The simulations revealed valuable results about the melting rate, global heat balance and thermal gradient throughout the bar, which agreed with the experimental values to a good extent. The modeling confirms that the overheating temperature of the tip of the material is nearly independent of the melting rate.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/11/2853meltingelectron beammelting temperaturenumerical simulation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jean-Pierre Bellot Julien Jourdan Jean-Sébastien Kroll-Rabotin Thibault Quatravaux Alain Jardy |
spellingShingle |
Jean-Pierre Bellot Julien Jourdan Jean-Sébastien Kroll-Rabotin Thibault Quatravaux Alain Jardy Thermal Behavior of Ti-64 Primary Material in Electron Beam Melting Process Materials melting electron beam melting temperature numerical simulation |
author_facet |
Jean-Pierre Bellot Julien Jourdan Jean-Sébastien Kroll-Rabotin Thibault Quatravaux Alain Jardy |
author_sort |
Jean-Pierre Bellot |
title |
Thermal Behavior of Ti-64 Primary Material in Electron Beam Melting Process |
title_short |
Thermal Behavior of Ti-64 Primary Material in Electron Beam Melting Process |
title_full |
Thermal Behavior of Ti-64 Primary Material in Electron Beam Melting Process |
title_fullStr |
Thermal Behavior of Ti-64 Primary Material in Electron Beam Melting Process |
title_full_unstemmed |
Thermal Behavior of Ti-64 Primary Material in Electron Beam Melting Process |
title_sort |
thermal behavior of ti-64 primary material in electron beam melting process |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
The Electron Beam Melting (EBM) process has emerged as either an alternative or a complement to vacuum arc remelting of titanium alloys, since it is capable of enhancing the removal of exogenous inclusions by dissolution or sedimentation. The melting of the primary material is a first step of this continuous process, which has not been studied so far and is investigated experimentally and numerically in the present study. Experiments have been set up in a 100 kW laboratory furnace with the aim of analyzing the effect of melting rate on surface temperature of Ti-64 bars. It was found that melting rate is nearly proportional to the EB power while the overheating temperature remains roughly independent of the melting rate and equal to about 100 °C. The emissivity of molten Ti-64 was found to be 0.22 at an average temperature of about 1760 °C at the tip of the bar. In parallel, a mathematical model of the thermal behavior of the material during melting has been developed. The simulations revealed valuable results about the melting rate, global heat balance and thermal gradient throughout the bar, which agreed with the experimental values to a good extent. The modeling confirms that the overheating temperature of the tip of the material is nearly independent of the melting rate. |
topic |
melting electron beam melting temperature numerical simulation |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/11/2853 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1721412738366832640 |