Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Short Title: COVID-19 Survival and Cost in Saudi Arabia)
Objectives: Assess the survival of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients across age groups, sex, use of mechanical ventilators (MVs), nationality, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data were retrieved from the Saudi Ministry of Healt...
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doaj-2860dda885f14cf1a34905a6f27c2be72020-11-25T01:53:21ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012020-10-01177458745810.3390/ijerph17207458Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Short Title: COVID-19 Survival and Cost in Saudi Arabia)Anas A. Khan0Yazed AlRuthia1Bander Balkhi2Sultan M. Alghadeer3Mohamad-Hani Temsah4Saqer M. Althunayyan5Yousef M. Alsofayan6Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Accident and Trauma, Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaGlobal Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaObjectives: Assess the survival of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients across age groups, sex, use of mechanical ventilators (MVs), nationality, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data were retrieved from the Saudi Ministry of Health (MoH) between 1 March and 29 May 2020. Kaplan–Meier (KM) analyses and multiple Cox proportional-hazards regression were conducted to assess the survival of hospitalized COVID-19 patients from hospital admission to discharge (censored) or death. Micro-costing was used to estimate the direct medical costs associated with hospitalization per patient. Results: The number of included patients with complete status (discharge or death) was 1422. The overall 14-day survival was 0.699 (95%CI: 0.652–0.741). Older adults (>70 years) (HR = 5.00, 95%CI = 2.83–8.91), patients on MVs (5.39, 3.83–7.64), non-Saudi patients (1.37, 1.01–1.89), and ICU admission (2.09, 1.49–2.93) were associated with a high risk of mortality. The mean cost per patient (in SAR) for those admitted to the general Medical Ward (GMW) and ICU was 42,704.49 ± 29,811.25 and 79,418.30 ± 55,647.69, respectively. Conclusion: The high hospitalization costs for COVID-19 patients represents is a significant public health challenge. Efficient allocation of healthcare resources cannot be emphasized enough.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/20/7458COVID-19hospitalizationmortalityhealth care costsSaudi Arabia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Anas A. Khan Yazed AlRuthia Bander Balkhi Sultan M. Alghadeer Mohamad-Hani Temsah Saqer M. Althunayyan Yousef M. Alsofayan |
spellingShingle |
Anas A. Khan Yazed AlRuthia Bander Balkhi Sultan M. Alghadeer Mohamad-Hani Temsah Saqer M. Althunayyan Yousef M. Alsofayan Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Short Title: COVID-19 Survival and Cost in Saudi Arabia) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health COVID-19 hospitalization mortality health care costs Saudi Arabia |
author_facet |
Anas A. Khan Yazed AlRuthia Bander Balkhi Sultan M. Alghadeer Mohamad-Hani Temsah Saqer M. Althunayyan Yousef M. Alsofayan |
author_sort |
Anas A. Khan |
title |
Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Short Title: COVID-19 Survival and Cost in Saudi Arabia) |
title_short |
Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Short Title: COVID-19 Survival and Cost in Saudi Arabia) |
title_full |
Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Short Title: COVID-19 Survival and Cost in Saudi Arabia) |
title_fullStr |
Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Short Title: COVID-19 Survival and Cost in Saudi Arabia) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Short Title: COVID-19 Survival and Cost in Saudi Arabia) |
title_sort |
survival and estimation of direct medical costs of hospitalized covid-19 patients in the kingdom of saudi arabia (short title: covid-19 survival and cost in saudi arabia) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1661-7827 1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Objectives: Assess the survival of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients across age groups, sex, use of mechanical ventilators (MVs), nationality, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data were retrieved from the Saudi Ministry of Health (MoH) between 1 March and 29 May 2020. Kaplan–Meier (KM) analyses and multiple Cox proportional-hazards regression were conducted to assess the survival of hospitalized COVID-19 patients from hospital admission to discharge (censored) or death. Micro-costing was used to estimate the direct medical costs associated with hospitalization per patient. Results: The number of included patients with complete status (discharge or death) was 1422. The overall 14-day survival was 0.699 (95%CI: 0.652–0.741). Older adults (>70 years) (HR = 5.00, 95%CI = 2.83–8.91), patients on MVs (5.39, 3.83–7.64), non-Saudi patients (1.37, 1.01–1.89), and ICU admission (2.09, 1.49–2.93) were associated with a high risk of mortality. The mean cost per patient (in SAR) for those admitted to the general Medical Ward (GMW) and ICU was 42,704.49 ± 29,811.25 and 79,418.30 ± 55,647.69, respectively. Conclusion: The high hospitalization costs for COVID-19 patients represents is a significant public health challenge. Efficient allocation of healthcare resources cannot be emphasized enough. |
topic |
COVID-19 hospitalization mortality health care costs Saudi Arabia |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/20/7458 |
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