Obesity as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Implication of Leptin and Glutamate
Obesity is known to induce leptin and insulin resistance. Leptin is a peptide hormone synthesized in adipose tissue that mainly regulates food intake. It has been shown that insulin stimulates the production of leptin when adipocytes are exposed to glucose to encourage satiety; while leptin, via a n...
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doaj-28611f8313974170ad84fcc5482999e42020-11-24T22:00:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2019-05-011310.3389/fnins.2019.00508457734Obesity as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Implication of Leptin and GlutamateAna Lloret0Paloma Monllor1Daniel Esteve2Ana Cervera-Ferri3Maria-Angeles Lloret4Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, SpainDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, SpainDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, SpainDepartment of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of Clinic Neurophysiology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, SpainObesity is known to induce leptin and insulin resistance. Leptin is a peptide hormone synthesized in adipose tissue that mainly regulates food intake. It has been shown that insulin stimulates the production of leptin when adipocytes are exposed to glucose to encourage satiety; while leptin, via a negative feedback, decreases the insulin release and enhances tissue sensitivity to it, leading to glucose uptake for energy utilization or storage. Therefore, resistance to insulin is closely related to leptin resistance. Obesity in middle age has also been related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In recent years, the relation between impaired leptin signaling pathway and the onset of AD has been studied. In all this context the role of the blood brain barrier (BBB) is crucial. Slow excitotoxicity happens in AD due to an excess of the neurotransmitter glutamate. Since leptin has been shown to regulate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, we want to review the link between these pathological pathways, and how they are affected by other AD triggering factors and its role in the onset of AD.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00508/fullleptin-resistancedementiaoverweightexcitotoxicityLTP |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ana Lloret Paloma Monllor Daniel Esteve Ana Cervera-Ferri Maria-Angeles Lloret |
spellingShingle |
Ana Lloret Paloma Monllor Daniel Esteve Ana Cervera-Ferri Maria-Angeles Lloret Obesity as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Implication of Leptin and Glutamate Frontiers in Neuroscience leptin-resistance dementia overweight excitotoxicity LTP |
author_facet |
Ana Lloret Paloma Monllor Daniel Esteve Ana Cervera-Ferri Maria-Angeles Lloret |
author_sort |
Ana Lloret |
title |
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Implication of Leptin and Glutamate |
title_short |
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Implication of Leptin and Glutamate |
title_full |
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Implication of Leptin and Glutamate |
title_fullStr |
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Implication of Leptin and Glutamate |
title_full_unstemmed |
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Implication of Leptin and Glutamate |
title_sort |
obesity as a risk factor for alzheimer’s disease: implication of leptin and glutamate |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Neuroscience |
issn |
1662-453X |
publishDate |
2019-05-01 |
description |
Obesity is known to induce leptin and insulin resistance. Leptin is a peptide hormone synthesized in adipose tissue that mainly regulates food intake. It has been shown that insulin stimulates the production of leptin when adipocytes are exposed to glucose to encourage satiety; while leptin, via a negative feedback, decreases the insulin release and enhances tissue sensitivity to it, leading to glucose uptake for energy utilization or storage. Therefore, resistance to insulin is closely related to leptin resistance. Obesity in middle age has also been related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In recent years, the relation between impaired leptin signaling pathway and the onset of AD has been studied. In all this context the role of the blood brain barrier (BBB) is crucial. Slow excitotoxicity happens in AD due to an excess of the neurotransmitter glutamate. Since leptin has been shown to regulate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, we want to review the link between these pathological pathways, and how they are affected by other AD triggering factors and its role in the onset of AD. |
topic |
leptin-resistance dementia overweight excitotoxicity LTP |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00508/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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