Constructed Wetlands for Agricultural Wastewater Treatment in Northeastern North America: A Review
Constructed wetlands (CW) are a treatment option for agricultural wastewater. Their ability to adequately function in cold climates continues to be evaluated as they are biologically active systems that depend on microbial and plant activity. In order to assess their performance and to highlight reg...
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doaj-28ac8ff6d6254e0681440870b52c27742020-11-24T23:28:38ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412016-04-018517310.3390/w8050173w8050173Constructed Wetlands for Agricultural Wastewater Treatment in Northeastern North America: A ReviewEric R. Rozema0Andrew C. VanderZaag1Jeff D. Wood2Aleksandra Drizo3Youbin Zheng4Ali Madani5Robert J. Gordon6School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaScience and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A OC5, CanadaDepartment of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-6028, USASchool of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UKSchool of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaSchool of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartment of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaConstructed wetlands (CW) are a treatment option for agricultural wastewater. Their ability to adequately function in cold climates continues to be evaluated as they are biologically active systems that depend on microbial and plant activity. In order to assess their performance and to highlight regional specific design considerations, a review of CWs in Eastern Canada and the Northeastern USA was conducted. Here, we synthesize performance data from 21 studies, in which 25 full-scale wetlands were assessed. Where possible, data were separated seasonally to evaluate the climatic effects on treatment performance. The wastewater parameters considered were five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), E. coli, fecal coliforms, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia/ammonium (NH3/NH4+-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N), and total phosphorus (TP). Average concentration reductions were: BOD5 81%, TSS 83%, TKN 75%, NH4+-N 76%, NO3−-N 42%, and TP 64%. Average log reductions for E. coli and fecal coliforms were 1.63 and 1.93, respectively. Average first order areal rate constants (ka, m·y−1) were: BOD5 6.0 m·y−1, TSS 7.7 m·y−1, E. coli 7.0 m·y−1, fecal coliforms 9.7 m·y−1, TKN 3.1 m·y−1, NH4+-N 3.3 m·y−1, NO3−-N 2.5 m·y−1, and TP 2.9 m·y−1. In general, CWs effectively treated a variety of agricultural wastewaters, regardless of season.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/8/5/173agricultural wastewatercold climateconstructed wetlandswater treatment |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Eric R. Rozema Andrew C. VanderZaag Jeff D. Wood Aleksandra Drizo Youbin Zheng Ali Madani Robert J. Gordon |
spellingShingle |
Eric R. Rozema Andrew C. VanderZaag Jeff D. Wood Aleksandra Drizo Youbin Zheng Ali Madani Robert J. Gordon Constructed Wetlands for Agricultural Wastewater Treatment in Northeastern North America: A Review Water agricultural wastewater cold climate constructed wetlands water treatment |
author_facet |
Eric R. Rozema Andrew C. VanderZaag Jeff D. Wood Aleksandra Drizo Youbin Zheng Ali Madani Robert J. Gordon |
author_sort |
Eric R. Rozema |
title |
Constructed Wetlands for Agricultural Wastewater Treatment in Northeastern North America: A Review |
title_short |
Constructed Wetlands for Agricultural Wastewater Treatment in Northeastern North America: A Review |
title_full |
Constructed Wetlands for Agricultural Wastewater Treatment in Northeastern North America: A Review |
title_fullStr |
Constructed Wetlands for Agricultural Wastewater Treatment in Northeastern North America: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Constructed Wetlands for Agricultural Wastewater Treatment in Northeastern North America: A Review |
title_sort |
constructed wetlands for agricultural wastewater treatment in northeastern north america: a review |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Water |
issn |
2073-4441 |
publishDate |
2016-04-01 |
description |
Constructed wetlands (CW) are a treatment option for agricultural wastewater. Their ability to adequately function in cold climates continues to be evaluated as they are biologically active systems that depend on microbial and plant activity. In order to assess their performance and to highlight regional specific design considerations, a review of CWs in Eastern Canada and the Northeastern USA was conducted. Here, we synthesize performance data from 21 studies, in which 25 full-scale wetlands were assessed. Where possible, data were separated seasonally to evaluate the climatic effects on treatment performance. The wastewater parameters considered were five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), E. coli, fecal coliforms, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia/ammonium (NH3/NH4+-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N), and total phosphorus (TP). Average concentration reductions were: BOD5 81%, TSS 83%, TKN 75%, NH4+-N 76%, NO3−-N 42%, and TP 64%. Average log reductions for E. coli and fecal coliforms were 1.63 and 1.93, respectively. Average first order areal rate constants (ka, m·y−1) were: BOD5 6.0 m·y−1, TSS 7.7 m·y−1, E. coli 7.0 m·y−1, fecal coliforms 9.7 m·y−1, TKN 3.1 m·y−1, NH4+-N 3.3 m·y−1, NO3−-N 2.5 m·y−1, and TP 2.9 m·y−1. In general, CWs effectively treated a variety of agricultural wastewaters, regardless of season. |
topic |
agricultural wastewater cold climate constructed wetlands water treatment |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/8/5/173 |
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