Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
The diamondback moth, <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the properties of selected farnesyl derivative compounds against <i>P. xylostella</i>. The toxicity an...
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doaj-28d20ebf84d64af3a5371f05f66668582021-01-28T00:00:46ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-01-011210910910.3390/insects12020109Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)Norazila Yusoff0Idris Abd Ghani1Nurul Wahida Othman2Wan Mohd Aizat3Maizom Hassan4Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, MalaysiaCentre for Insect Systematics, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, MalaysiaCentre for Insect Systematics, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, MalaysiaThe diamondback moth, <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the properties of selected farnesyl derivative compounds against <i>P. xylostella</i>. The toxicity and sublethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) of farnesyl acetate, farnesyl acetone, farnesyl bromide, farnesyl chloride, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone were investigated for 96 h. The leaf-dip bioassays showed that farnesyl acetate had a high level of toxicity against <i>P. xylostella</i> compared to other tested farnesyl derivatives. The LC<sub>50</sub> value was 56.41 mg/L on the second-instar larvae of <i>P. xylostella</i>. Then, the sublethal effects of farnesyl acetate on biological parameters of <i>P. xylostella</i> were assessed. Compared to the control group, the sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate decreased pupation and emergence rates, pupal weight, fecundity, egg hatching rate, female ratio, and oviposition period. Furthermore, the developmental time of <i>P. xylostella</i> was extended after being exposed to farnesyl acetate. Moreover, the application of farnesyl acetate on <i>P. xylostella</i> induced morphogenetic abnormalities in larval–pupal intermediates, adults that emerged with twisted wings, or complete adults that could not emerge from the cocoon. These results suggested that farnesyl acetate was highly effective against <i>P. xylostella</i>. The sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate could reduce the population of <i>P. xylostella</i> by increasing abnormal pupal and adults, and by delaying its development period.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/2/109<i>Plutella xylostella</i>farnesyl derivativessublethal concentrationbiological parameterspest managementmorphological abnormalities |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Norazila Yusoff Idris Abd Ghani Nurul Wahida Othman Wan Mohd Aizat Maizom Hassan |
spellingShingle |
Norazila Yusoff Idris Abd Ghani Nurul Wahida Othman Wan Mohd Aizat Maizom Hassan Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Insects <i>Plutella xylostella</i> farnesyl derivatives sublethal concentration biological parameters pest management morphological abnormalities |
author_facet |
Norazila Yusoff Idris Abd Ghani Nurul Wahida Othman Wan Mohd Aizat Maizom Hassan |
author_sort |
Norazila Yusoff |
title |
Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) |
title_short |
Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) |
title_full |
Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) |
title_fullStr |
Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) |
title_sort |
toxicity and sublethal effect of farnesyl acetate on diamondback moth, <i>plutella xylostella</i> (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Insects |
issn |
2075-4450 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
The diamondback moth, <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the properties of selected farnesyl derivative compounds against <i>P. xylostella</i>. The toxicity and sublethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) of farnesyl acetate, farnesyl acetone, farnesyl bromide, farnesyl chloride, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone were investigated for 96 h. The leaf-dip bioassays showed that farnesyl acetate had a high level of toxicity against <i>P. xylostella</i> compared to other tested farnesyl derivatives. The LC<sub>50</sub> value was 56.41 mg/L on the second-instar larvae of <i>P. xylostella</i>. Then, the sublethal effects of farnesyl acetate on biological parameters of <i>P. xylostella</i> were assessed. Compared to the control group, the sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate decreased pupation and emergence rates, pupal weight, fecundity, egg hatching rate, female ratio, and oviposition period. Furthermore, the developmental time of <i>P. xylostella</i> was extended after being exposed to farnesyl acetate. Moreover, the application of farnesyl acetate on <i>P. xylostella</i> induced morphogenetic abnormalities in larval–pupal intermediates, adults that emerged with twisted wings, or complete adults that could not emerge from the cocoon. These results suggested that farnesyl acetate was highly effective against <i>P. xylostella</i>. The sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate could reduce the population of <i>P. xylostella</i> by increasing abnormal pupal and adults, and by delaying its development period. |
topic |
<i>Plutella xylostella</i> farnesyl derivatives sublethal concentration biological parameters pest management morphological abnormalities |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/2/109 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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