Prenatal Exposure to Di-Ethyl Phthalate (DEP) Is Related to Increasing Neonatal IgE Levels and the Altering of the Immune Polarization of Helper-T Cells
<b>Introduction:</b> Phthalates are substances that are added to plastic products to increase their plasticity. These substances are released easily into the environment and can act as endocrine disruptors. Epidemiological studies in children have showed inconsistent findings regarding t...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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Series: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/12/6364 |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Chang-Ku Tsai Hsin-Hsin Cheng Te-Yao Hsu Jiu-Yao Wang Chih-Hsing Hung Ching-Chang Tsai Yun-Ju Lai Yu-Ju Lin Hsin-Chun Huang Julie Y. H. Chan You-Lin Tain Chih-Cheng Chen Ti-An Tsai Hong-Ren Yu |
spellingShingle |
Chang-Ku Tsai Hsin-Hsin Cheng Te-Yao Hsu Jiu-Yao Wang Chih-Hsing Hung Ching-Chang Tsai Yun-Ju Lai Yu-Ju Lin Hsin-Chun Huang Julie Y. H. Chan You-Lin Tain Chih-Cheng Chen Ti-An Tsai Hong-Ren Yu Prenatal Exposure to Di-Ethyl Phthalate (DEP) Is Related to Increasing Neonatal IgE Levels and the Altering of the Immune Polarization of Helper-T Cells International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health cord blood IgE T-cell polarization plasticizer prenatal |
author_facet |
Chang-Ku Tsai Hsin-Hsin Cheng Te-Yao Hsu Jiu-Yao Wang Chih-Hsing Hung Ching-Chang Tsai Yun-Ju Lai Yu-Ju Lin Hsin-Chun Huang Julie Y. H. Chan You-Lin Tain Chih-Cheng Chen Ti-An Tsai Hong-Ren Yu |
author_sort |
Chang-Ku Tsai |
title |
Prenatal Exposure to Di-Ethyl Phthalate (DEP) Is Related to Increasing Neonatal IgE Levels and the Altering of the Immune Polarization of Helper-T Cells |
title_short |
Prenatal Exposure to Di-Ethyl Phthalate (DEP) Is Related to Increasing Neonatal IgE Levels and the Altering of the Immune Polarization of Helper-T Cells |
title_full |
Prenatal Exposure to Di-Ethyl Phthalate (DEP) Is Related to Increasing Neonatal IgE Levels and the Altering of the Immune Polarization of Helper-T Cells |
title_fullStr |
Prenatal Exposure to Di-Ethyl Phthalate (DEP) Is Related to Increasing Neonatal IgE Levels and the Altering of the Immune Polarization of Helper-T Cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prenatal Exposure to Di-Ethyl Phthalate (DEP) Is Related to Increasing Neonatal IgE Levels and the Altering of the Immune Polarization of Helper-T Cells |
title_sort |
prenatal exposure to di-ethyl phthalate (dep) is related to increasing neonatal ige levels and the altering of the immune polarization of helper-t cells |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1661-7827 1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
<b>Introduction:</b> Phthalates are substances that are added to plastic products to increase their plasticity. These substances are released easily into the environment and can act as endocrine disruptors. Epidemiological studies in children have showed inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between prenatal or postnatal exposure to phthalates and the risk of allergic disease. Our hypothesis is that prenatal exposure to phthalates may contribute to the development of allergies in children. <b>Material and methods:</b> The objective of this study was to determine the associations between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in pregnant women, maternal atopic diathesis, maternal lifestyle, and cord blood IgE. Pregnant mothers and paired newborns (n = 101) were enrolled from an antenatal clinic. The epidemiologic data and the clinical information were collected using standard questionnaires and medical records. The maternal blood and urine samples were collected at 24–28 weeks gestation, and cord blood IgE, IL-12p70, IL-4, and IL-10 levels were determined from the newborns at birth. The link between phthalates and maternal IgE was also assessed. To investigate the effects of phthalates on neonatal immunity, cord blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) were used for cytokine induction in another in vitro experiment. <b>Results:</b> We found that maternal urine monoethyl phthalate (MEP) (a metabolite of di-ethyl phthalate (DEP)) concentrations are positively correlated with the cord blood IgE of the corresponding newborns. The cord blood IL-12p70 levels of mothers with higher maternal urine MEP groups (high DEP exposure) were lower than mothers with low DEP exposure. In vitro experiments demonstrated that DEP could enhance IL-4 production of cord blood MNCs rather than adult MNCs. <b>Conclusion:</b> Prenatal DEP exposure is related to neonatal IgE level and alternation of cytokines relevant to Th1/Th2 polarization. This suggests the existence of a link between prenatal exposure to specific plasticizers and the future development of allergies. |
topic |
cord blood IgE T-cell polarization plasticizer prenatal |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/12/6364 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1721349859201515520 |
spelling |
doaj-28dd42bcc7734d998fea0f2790a61c3f2021-06-30T23:59:11ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012021-06-01186364636410.3390/ijerph18126364Prenatal Exposure to Di-Ethyl Phthalate (DEP) Is Related to Increasing Neonatal IgE Levels and the Altering of the Immune Polarization of Helper-T CellsChang-Ku Tsai0Hsin-Hsin Cheng1Te-Yao Hsu2Jiu-Yao Wang3Chih-Hsing Hung4Ching-Chang Tsai5Yun-Ju Lai6Yu-Ju Lin7Hsin-Chun Huang8Julie Y. H. Chan9You-Lin Tain10Chih-Cheng Chen11Ti-An Tsai12Hong-Ren Yu13Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, TaiwanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Centre, Kaohsiung 83301, TaiwanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Centre, Kaohsiung 83301, TaiwanDepartment of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 704302, TaiwanDepartment of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, TaiwanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Centre, Kaohsiung 83301, TaiwanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Centre, Kaohsiung 83301, TaiwanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Centre, Kaohsiung 83301, TaiwanDepartment of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, TaiwanInstitute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, TaiwanDepartment of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, TaiwanDepartment of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, TaiwanDepartment of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, TaiwanDepartment of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan<b>Introduction:</b> Phthalates are substances that are added to plastic products to increase their plasticity. These substances are released easily into the environment and can act as endocrine disruptors. Epidemiological studies in children have showed inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between prenatal or postnatal exposure to phthalates and the risk of allergic disease. Our hypothesis is that prenatal exposure to phthalates may contribute to the development of allergies in children. <b>Material and methods:</b> The objective of this study was to determine the associations between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in pregnant women, maternal atopic diathesis, maternal lifestyle, and cord blood IgE. Pregnant mothers and paired newborns (n = 101) were enrolled from an antenatal clinic. The epidemiologic data and the clinical information were collected using standard questionnaires and medical records. The maternal blood and urine samples were collected at 24–28 weeks gestation, and cord blood IgE, IL-12p70, IL-4, and IL-10 levels were determined from the newborns at birth. The link between phthalates and maternal IgE was also assessed. To investigate the effects of phthalates on neonatal immunity, cord blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) were used for cytokine induction in another in vitro experiment. <b>Results:</b> We found that maternal urine monoethyl phthalate (MEP) (a metabolite of di-ethyl phthalate (DEP)) concentrations are positively correlated with the cord blood IgE of the corresponding newborns. The cord blood IL-12p70 levels of mothers with higher maternal urine MEP groups (high DEP exposure) were lower than mothers with low DEP exposure. In vitro experiments demonstrated that DEP could enhance IL-4 production of cord blood MNCs rather than adult MNCs. <b>Conclusion:</b> Prenatal DEP exposure is related to neonatal IgE level and alternation of cytokines relevant to Th1/Th2 polarization. This suggests the existence of a link between prenatal exposure to specific plasticizers and the future development of allergies.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/12/6364cord bloodIgET-cell polarizationplasticizerprenatal |