Mixing Time, Inversion and Multiple Emulsion Formation in a Limonene and Water Pickering Emulsion
It has previously been demonstrated that particle-stabilized emulsions comprised of limonene, water and fumed silica particles exhibit complex emulsification behavior as a function of composition and the duration of the emulsification step. Most notably the system can invert from being oil-continuou...
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doaj-28f340d09b504b3f93e9de7d5d8334c32020-11-24T22:32:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Chemistry2296-26462018-05-01610.3389/fchem.2018.00132364926Mixing Time, Inversion and Multiple Emulsion Formation in a Limonene and Water Pickering EmulsionLaura Sawiak0Katherine Bailes1David Harbottle2Paul S. Clegg3School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomSchool of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United KingdomSchool of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United KingdomSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomIt has previously been demonstrated that particle-stabilized emulsions comprised of limonene, water and fumed silica particles exhibit complex emulsification behavior as a function of composition and the duration of the emulsification step. Most notably the system can invert from being oil-continuous to being water-continuous under prolonged mixing. Here we investigate this phenomenon experimentally for the regime where water is the majority liquid. We prepare samples using a range of different emulsification times and we examine the final properties in bulk and via confocal microscopy. We use the images to quantitatively track the sizes of droplets and clusters of particles. We find that a dense emulsion of water droplets forms initially which is transformed, in time, into a water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion with concomitant changes in droplet and cluster sizes. In parallel we carry out rheological studies of water-in-limonene emulsions using different concentrations of fumed silica particles. We unite our observations to propose a mechanism for inversion based on the changes in flow properties and the availability of particles during emulsification.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2018.00132/fulldropletinterfaceemulsificationcolloidcluster |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Laura Sawiak Katherine Bailes David Harbottle Paul S. Clegg |
spellingShingle |
Laura Sawiak Katherine Bailes David Harbottle Paul S. Clegg Mixing Time, Inversion and Multiple Emulsion Formation in a Limonene and Water Pickering Emulsion Frontiers in Chemistry droplet interface emulsification colloid cluster |
author_facet |
Laura Sawiak Katherine Bailes David Harbottle Paul S. Clegg |
author_sort |
Laura Sawiak |
title |
Mixing Time, Inversion and Multiple Emulsion Formation in a Limonene and Water Pickering Emulsion |
title_short |
Mixing Time, Inversion and Multiple Emulsion Formation in a Limonene and Water Pickering Emulsion |
title_full |
Mixing Time, Inversion and Multiple Emulsion Formation in a Limonene and Water Pickering Emulsion |
title_fullStr |
Mixing Time, Inversion and Multiple Emulsion Formation in a Limonene and Water Pickering Emulsion |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mixing Time, Inversion and Multiple Emulsion Formation in a Limonene and Water Pickering Emulsion |
title_sort |
mixing time, inversion and multiple emulsion formation in a limonene and water pickering emulsion |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Chemistry |
issn |
2296-2646 |
publishDate |
2018-05-01 |
description |
It has previously been demonstrated that particle-stabilized emulsions comprised of limonene, water and fumed silica particles exhibit complex emulsification behavior as a function of composition and the duration of the emulsification step. Most notably the system can invert from being oil-continuous to being water-continuous under prolonged mixing. Here we investigate this phenomenon experimentally for the regime where water is the majority liquid. We prepare samples using a range of different emulsification times and we examine the final properties in bulk and via confocal microscopy. We use the images to quantitatively track the sizes of droplets and clusters of particles. We find that a dense emulsion of water droplets forms initially which is transformed, in time, into a water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion with concomitant changes in droplet and cluster sizes. In parallel we carry out rheological studies of water-in-limonene emulsions using different concentrations of fumed silica particles. We unite our observations to propose a mechanism for inversion based on the changes in flow properties and the availability of particles during emulsification. |
topic |
droplet interface emulsification colloid cluster |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2018.00132/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT laurasawiak mixingtimeinversionandmultipleemulsionformationinalimoneneandwaterpickeringemulsion AT katherinebailes mixingtimeinversionandmultipleemulsionformationinalimoneneandwaterpickeringemulsion AT davidharbottle mixingtimeinversionandmultipleemulsionformationinalimoneneandwaterpickeringemulsion AT paulsclegg mixingtimeinversionandmultipleemulsionformationinalimoneneandwaterpickeringemulsion |
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1725732937905733632 |