Prevalence of Latent TB and Effectiveness of BCG Vaccination Against Latent Tuberculosis: An Observational Study
ABSTRACT: Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in immigrant children and adolescents (aged 0-17 years) living or recently arriving in Sweden. It also aimed to estimate the effectiveness of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) against LTBI in imm...
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doaj-2943917f0e934e89b5b3fecd9b48770d2021-08-28T04:41:55ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases1201-97122021-08-01109279282Prevalence of Latent TB and Effectiveness of BCG Vaccination Against Latent Tuberculosis: An Observational StudyBirger Trollfors, MD0Vignir Sigurdsson, MD1Anna Dahlgren-Aronsson, MD2Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Corresponding author: Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41685 Gothenburg, Sweden.Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SwedenRefugee Health Clinic, Gothenburg, SwedenABSTRACT: Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in immigrant children and adolescents (aged 0-17 years) living or recently arriving in Sweden. It also aimed to estimate the effectiveness of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) against LTBI in immigrant children coming to Sweden from high-incidence countries, most of them being asylum seekers. LTBI was defined as a positive Quantiferon or a tuberculin skin test (TST) of ≥ 10 mm in small children from whom it was difficult to obtain 3 mL of blood. Design: A typical BCG scar was used as a substitute for written documentation of BCG vaccination. The study comprised 1,404 immigrants aged 0-17 years. The arms and legs of all of them were inspected for a BCG scar, and Quantiferon or TST was performed. The study was a retrospective, observational, comparative cohort study. Results: LTBI was found in 123 of 1,011 (12%) children with a BCG scar and in 116 of 393 (29.5%) without a BCG scar, giving an estimated vaccine effectiveness of 59%. Conclusions: LTBI was common among the immigrant children (17%). LTBI can progress to active TB and then spread in the immigrant population and to the general population if all immigrant arrivals are not tested and given prophylactic treatment if they have LTBI. The BCG vaccine was found to have a significant effect on LTBI (59%).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971221005348BCGLatent tuberculosisVaccine effectiveness |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Birger Trollfors, MD Vignir Sigurdsson, MD Anna Dahlgren-Aronsson, MD |
spellingShingle |
Birger Trollfors, MD Vignir Sigurdsson, MD Anna Dahlgren-Aronsson, MD Prevalence of Latent TB and Effectiveness of BCG Vaccination Against Latent Tuberculosis: An Observational Study International Journal of Infectious Diseases BCG Latent tuberculosis Vaccine effectiveness |
author_facet |
Birger Trollfors, MD Vignir Sigurdsson, MD Anna Dahlgren-Aronsson, MD |
author_sort |
Birger Trollfors, MD |
title |
Prevalence of Latent TB and Effectiveness of BCG Vaccination Against Latent Tuberculosis: An Observational Study |
title_short |
Prevalence of Latent TB and Effectiveness of BCG Vaccination Against Latent Tuberculosis: An Observational Study |
title_full |
Prevalence of Latent TB and Effectiveness of BCG Vaccination Against Latent Tuberculosis: An Observational Study |
title_fullStr |
Prevalence of Latent TB and Effectiveness of BCG Vaccination Against Latent Tuberculosis: An Observational Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prevalence of Latent TB and Effectiveness of BCG Vaccination Against Latent Tuberculosis: An Observational Study |
title_sort |
prevalence of latent tb and effectiveness of bcg vaccination against latent tuberculosis: an observational study |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
issn |
1201-9712 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
ABSTRACT: Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in immigrant children and adolescents (aged 0-17 years) living or recently arriving in Sweden. It also aimed to estimate the effectiveness of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) against LTBI in immigrant children coming to Sweden from high-incidence countries, most of them being asylum seekers. LTBI was defined as a positive Quantiferon or a tuberculin skin test (TST) of ≥ 10 mm in small children from whom it was difficult to obtain 3 mL of blood. Design: A typical BCG scar was used as a substitute for written documentation of BCG vaccination. The study comprised 1,404 immigrants aged 0-17 years. The arms and legs of all of them were inspected for a BCG scar, and Quantiferon or TST was performed. The study was a retrospective, observational, comparative cohort study. Results: LTBI was found in 123 of 1,011 (12%) children with a BCG scar and in 116 of 393 (29.5%) without a BCG scar, giving an estimated vaccine effectiveness of 59%. Conclusions: LTBI was common among the immigrant children (17%). LTBI can progress to active TB and then spread in the immigrant population and to the general population if all immigrant arrivals are not tested and given prophylactic treatment if they have LTBI. The BCG vaccine was found to have a significant effect on LTBI (59%). |
topic |
BCG Latent tuberculosis Vaccine effectiveness |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971221005348 |
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