Changes in soil microbial communities at Jinsha earthen site are associated with earthen site deterioration
Abstract Background Earthen sites are immobile cultural relics and an important part of cultural heritage with historical, artistic and scientific values. The deterioration of features in earthen sites result in permanent loss of cultural information, causing immeasurable damage to the study of hist...
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2020-06-01
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Series: | BMC Microbiology |
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Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-020-01836-1 |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jing Li Xiaoyue Zhang Lin Xiao Ke Liu Yue Li Ziwei Zhang Qiang Chen Xiaolin Ao Decong Liao Yunfu Gu Menggen Ma Xiumei Yu Quanju Xiang Ji Chen Xiaoping Zhang Tao Yang Petri Penttinen Ke Zhao |
spellingShingle |
Jing Li Xiaoyue Zhang Lin Xiao Ke Liu Yue Li Ziwei Zhang Qiang Chen Xiaolin Ao Decong Liao Yunfu Gu Menggen Ma Xiumei Yu Quanju Xiang Ji Chen Xiaoping Zhang Tao Yang Petri Penttinen Ke Zhao Changes in soil microbial communities at Jinsha earthen site are associated with earthen site deterioration BMC Microbiology Earthen site Soil microbiome Deterioration High-throughput sequencing |
author_facet |
Jing Li Xiaoyue Zhang Lin Xiao Ke Liu Yue Li Ziwei Zhang Qiang Chen Xiaolin Ao Decong Liao Yunfu Gu Menggen Ma Xiumei Yu Quanju Xiang Ji Chen Xiaoping Zhang Tao Yang Petri Penttinen Ke Zhao |
author_sort |
Jing Li |
title |
Changes in soil microbial communities at Jinsha earthen site are associated with earthen site deterioration |
title_short |
Changes in soil microbial communities at Jinsha earthen site are associated with earthen site deterioration |
title_full |
Changes in soil microbial communities at Jinsha earthen site are associated with earthen site deterioration |
title_fullStr |
Changes in soil microbial communities at Jinsha earthen site are associated with earthen site deterioration |
title_full_unstemmed |
Changes in soil microbial communities at Jinsha earthen site are associated with earthen site deterioration |
title_sort |
changes in soil microbial communities at jinsha earthen site are associated with earthen site deterioration |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Microbiology |
issn |
1471-2180 |
publishDate |
2020-06-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Earthen sites are immobile cultural relics and an important part of cultural heritage with historical, artistic and scientific values. The deterioration of features in earthen sites result in permanent loss of cultural information, causing immeasurable damage to the study of history and culture. Most research on the deterioration of earthen sites has concentrated on physicochemical factors, and information on microbial communities in earthen sites and their relationship with the earthen site deterioration is scarce. We used high-throughput sequencing to analyze bacterial and fungal communities in soils from earthen walls with different degree of deterioration at Jinsha earthen site to characterize the microbial communities and their correlation with environmental factors, and to compare microbial community structures and the relative abundances of individual taxa associated with different degree of deterioration for identifying possible marker taxa. Results The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were higher and that of Actinobacteria lower with higher degree of deterioration. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Rubrobacter were highest in all sample groups except in the most deteriorated samples where that of Bacteroides was highest. The relative abundance of the yeast genus Candida was highest in the severely deteriorated sample group. The bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Bacteroides, and fungal class Saccharomycetes that includes Candida sp. were specific for the most deteriorated samples. For both bacteria and fungi, the differences in community composition were associated with differences in EC, moisture, pH, and the concentrations of NH4 +, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and SO4 2−. Conclusion The microbial communities in soil with different degree of deterioration were distinctly different, and deterioration was accompanied with bigger changes in the bacterial than in the fungal community. In addition, the deteriorated soil contained higher concentrations of soluble salts. Potentially, the accumulation of Bacteroides and Candida plays an important role in the deterioration of earthen features. Further work is needed to conclude whether controlling the growth of the bacteria and fungi with high relative abundances in the deteriorated samples can be applied to alleviate deterioration. |
topic |
Earthen site Soil microbiome Deterioration High-throughput sequencing |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-020-01836-1 |
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doaj-29ee1f4f270941919e27f5844051dd012020-11-25T03:21:40ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802020-06-0120111110.1186/s12866-020-01836-1Changes in soil microbial communities at Jinsha earthen site are associated with earthen site deteriorationJing Li0Xiaoyue Zhang1Lin Xiao2Ke Liu3Yue Li4Ziwei Zhang5Qiang Chen6Xiaolin Ao7Decong Liao8Yunfu Gu9Menggen Ma10Xiumei Yu11Quanju Xiang12Ji Chen13Xiaoping Zhang14Tao Yang15Petri Penttinen16Ke Zhao17Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and ArchaeologyJinsha site museumDepartment of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and ArchaeologyDepartment of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background Earthen sites are immobile cultural relics and an important part of cultural heritage with historical, artistic and scientific values. The deterioration of features in earthen sites result in permanent loss of cultural information, causing immeasurable damage to the study of history and culture. Most research on the deterioration of earthen sites has concentrated on physicochemical factors, and information on microbial communities in earthen sites and their relationship with the earthen site deterioration is scarce. We used high-throughput sequencing to analyze bacterial and fungal communities in soils from earthen walls with different degree of deterioration at Jinsha earthen site to characterize the microbial communities and their correlation with environmental factors, and to compare microbial community structures and the relative abundances of individual taxa associated with different degree of deterioration for identifying possible marker taxa. Results The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were higher and that of Actinobacteria lower with higher degree of deterioration. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Rubrobacter were highest in all sample groups except in the most deteriorated samples where that of Bacteroides was highest. The relative abundance of the yeast genus Candida was highest in the severely deteriorated sample group. The bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Bacteroides, and fungal class Saccharomycetes that includes Candida sp. were specific for the most deteriorated samples. For both bacteria and fungi, the differences in community composition were associated with differences in EC, moisture, pH, and the concentrations of NH4 +, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and SO4 2−. Conclusion The microbial communities in soil with different degree of deterioration were distinctly different, and deterioration was accompanied with bigger changes in the bacterial than in the fungal community. In addition, the deteriorated soil contained higher concentrations of soluble salts. Potentially, the accumulation of Bacteroides and Candida plays an important role in the deterioration of earthen features. Further work is needed to conclude whether controlling the growth of the bacteria and fungi with high relative abundances in the deteriorated samples can be applied to alleviate deterioration.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-020-01836-1Earthen siteSoil microbiomeDeteriorationHigh-throughput sequencing |