Optimized Spectrometers Characterization Procedure for Near Ground Support of ESA FLEX Observations: Part 1 Spectral Calibration and Characterisation
The paper presents two procedures for the wavelength calibration, in the oxygen telluric absorption spectral bands (O2-A, λc = 687 nm and O2-B, λc = 760.6 nm), of field fixed-point spectrometers used for reflectance and Sun-induced fluorescence measurements. In the first case, Ne and Ar pen-type spe...
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doaj-2a104774a79e408bbdf98efeb3e443a62020-11-24T21:39:27ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922018-02-0110228910.3390/rs10020289rs10020289Optimized Spectrometers Characterization Procedure for Near Ground Support of ESA FLEX Observations: Part 1 Spectral Calibration and CharacterisationLaura Mihai0Alasdair Mac Arthur1Andreas Hueni2Iain Robinson3Dan Sporea4CETAL, Photonic Investigations Laboratory, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Măgurele 77125, RomaniaSchool of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UKRemote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandRutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science and Technology Department, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UKCETAL, Photonic Investigations Laboratory, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Măgurele 77125, RomaniaThe paper presents two procedures for the wavelength calibration, in the oxygen telluric absorption spectral bands (O2-A, λc = 687 nm and O2-B, λc = 760.6 nm), of field fixed-point spectrometers used for reflectance and Sun-induced fluorescence measurements. In the first case, Ne and Ar pen-type spectral lamps were employed, while the second approach is based on a double monochromator setup. The double monochromator system was characterized for the estimation of errors associated with different operating configurations. The proposed methods were applied to three Piccolo Doppio-type systems built around two QE Pros and one USB2 + H16355 Ocean Optics spectrometers. The wavelength calibration errors for all the calibrations performed on the three spectrometers are reported and potential methodological improvements discussed. The suggested calibration methods were validated, as the wavelength corrections obtained by both techniques for the QE Pro designed for fluorescence investigations were similar. However, it is recommended that a neon emission line source, as well as an argon or mercury-argon source be used to have a reference wavelength closer to the O2-B feature. The wavelength calibration can then be optimised as close to the O2-B and O2-A features as possible. The monochromator approach could also be used, but that instrument would need to be fully characterized prior to use, and although it may offer a more accurate calibration, as it could be tuned to emit light at the same wavelengths as the absorption features, it would be more time consuming as it is a scanning approach.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/289ESA Fluorescence Explorer (FLEX) missionfield fixed-point spectrometersoxygen telluric absorption linesSun-induced fluorescencewavelength calibration |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Laura Mihai Alasdair Mac Arthur Andreas Hueni Iain Robinson Dan Sporea |
spellingShingle |
Laura Mihai Alasdair Mac Arthur Andreas Hueni Iain Robinson Dan Sporea Optimized Spectrometers Characterization Procedure for Near Ground Support of ESA FLEX Observations: Part 1 Spectral Calibration and Characterisation Remote Sensing ESA Fluorescence Explorer (FLEX) mission field fixed-point spectrometers oxygen telluric absorption lines Sun-induced fluorescence wavelength calibration |
author_facet |
Laura Mihai Alasdair Mac Arthur Andreas Hueni Iain Robinson Dan Sporea |
author_sort |
Laura Mihai |
title |
Optimized Spectrometers Characterization Procedure for Near Ground Support of ESA FLEX Observations: Part 1 Spectral Calibration and Characterisation |
title_short |
Optimized Spectrometers Characterization Procedure for Near Ground Support of ESA FLEX Observations: Part 1 Spectral Calibration and Characterisation |
title_full |
Optimized Spectrometers Characterization Procedure for Near Ground Support of ESA FLEX Observations: Part 1 Spectral Calibration and Characterisation |
title_fullStr |
Optimized Spectrometers Characterization Procedure for Near Ground Support of ESA FLEX Observations: Part 1 Spectral Calibration and Characterisation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Optimized Spectrometers Characterization Procedure for Near Ground Support of ESA FLEX Observations: Part 1 Spectral Calibration and Characterisation |
title_sort |
optimized spectrometers characterization procedure for near ground support of esa flex observations: part 1 spectral calibration and characterisation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Remote Sensing |
issn |
2072-4292 |
publishDate |
2018-02-01 |
description |
The paper presents two procedures for the wavelength calibration, in the oxygen telluric absorption spectral bands (O2-A, λc = 687 nm and O2-B, λc = 760.6 nm), of field fixed-point spectrometers used for reflectance and Sun-induced fluorescence measurements. In the first case, Ne and Ar pen-type spectral lamps were employed, while the second approach is based on a double monochromator setup. The double monochromator system was characterized for the estimation of errors associated with different operating configurations. The proposed methods were applied to three Piccolo Doppio-type systems built around two QE Pros and one USB2 + H16355 Ocean Optics spectrometers. The wavelength calibration errors for all the calibrations performed on the three spectrometers are reported and potential methodological improvements discussed. The suggested calibration methods were validated, as the wavelength corrections obtained by both techniques for the QE Pro designed for fluorescence investigations were similar. However, it is recommended that a neon emission line source, as well as an argon or mercury-argon source be used to have a reference wavelength closer to the O2-B feature. The wavelength calibration can then be optimised as close to the O2-B and O2-A features as possible. The monochromator approach could also be used, but that instrument would need to be fully characterized prior to use, and although it may offer a more accurate calibration, as it could be tuned to emit light at the same wavelengths as the absorption features, it would be more time consuming as it is a scanning approach. |
topic |
ESA Fluorescence Explorer (FLEX) mission field fixed-point spectrometers oxygen telluric absorption lines Sun-induced fluorescence wavelength calibration |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/289 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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