Children From the Age of Three Show a Developmental Switch in T-Cell Differentiation
Every sixth child suffers from hypertrophy of the adenoid, a secondary lymphoid organ, at least once in childhood. Little is known about the impact of pathogen-provocation vs. developmental impact on T-cell responses after 1 year of age. Therefore, developmental and infection-driven influences on th...
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doaj-2a43302ad11945258995057febac2af42020-11-25T02:53:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-07-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.01640545179Children From the Age of Three Show a Developmental Switch in T-Cell DifferentiationJulienne Knolle0Julienne Knolle1Mandy Pierau2Mandy Pierau3Katrin Hebel4Karen Lampe5Gerhard Jorch6Siegfried Kropf7Christoph Arens8Christoph Arens9Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl10Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl11Department of Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, GermanyHealth Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, GermanyHealth Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, GermanyHealth Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, GermanyHealth Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, GermanyEvery sixth child suffers from hypertrophy of the adenoid, a secondary lymphoid organ, at least once in childhood. Little is known about the impact of pathogen-provocation vs. developmental impact on T-cell responses after 1 year of age. Therefore, developmental and infection-driven influences on the formation of T-cell-compartments and -multifunctionality in adenoids were analyzed taking into account patient's history of age and inflammatory processes. Here, we show that in adenoids of 102 infants and children similar frequencies of naïve, effector, and memory T-cells were accumulated, whereby history of suffering from subsequent infection symptoms resulted in lower frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells co-expressing several cytokines. While patients suffering from sole nasal obstruction had balanced Th1- and Th17-compartments, Th1 dominated in patients with concomitant upper airway infections. In addition, analysis of cytokine co-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells showed that children at the age of three or older differed significantly from those being 1- or 2-years old, implicating a developmental switch in T-cell differentiation at that age. Yet, dissecting age and infectious history of the patients revealed that while CD8+ T-cell differentiation seems to be triggered by development, CD4+ T-cell functionality is partly impaired by infections. However, this functionality recovers by the age of 3 years. Thus, 3 years of age seems to be a critical period in an infant's life to develop robust T-cell compartments of higher quality. These findings identify important areas for future research and distinguish an age period in early childhood when to consider adjusting the choice of treatment of infections.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01640/fullinfantchildrenpediatric immunologydevelopmentmultifunctional T-cellsimmune system |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Julienne Knolle Julienne Knolle Mandy Pierau Mandy Pierau Katrin Hebel Karen Lampe Gerhard Jorch Siegfried Kropf Christoph Arens Christoph Arens Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl |
spellingShingle |
Julienne Knolle Julienne Knolle Mandy Pierau Mandy Pierau Katrin Hebel Karen Lampe Gerhard Jorch Siegfried Kropf Christoph Arens Christoph Arens Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl Children From the Age of Three Show a Developmental Switch in T-Cell Differentiation Frontiers in Immunology infant children pediatric immunology development multifunctional T-cells immune system |
author_facet |
Julienne Knolle Julienne Knolle Mandy Pierau Mandy Pierau Katrin Hebel Karen Lampe Gerhard Jorch Siegfried Kropf Christoph Arens Christoph Arens Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl |
author_sort |
Julienne Knolle |
title |
Children From the Age of Three Show a Developmental Switch in T-Cell Differentiation |
title_short |
Children From the Age of Three Show a Developmental Switch in T-Cell Differentiation |
title_full |
Children From the Age of Three Show a Developmental Switch in T-Cell Differentiation |
title_fullStr |
Children From the Age of Three Show a Developmental Switch in T-Cell Differentiation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Children From the Age of Three Show a Developmental Switch in T-Cell Differentiation |
title_sort |
children from the age of three show a developmental switch in t-cell differentiation |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Every sixth child suffers from hypertrophy of the adenoid, a secondary lymphoid organ, at least once in childhood. Little is known about the impact of pathogen-provocation vs. developmental impact on T-cell responses after 1 year of age. Therefore, developmental and infection-driven influences on the formation of T-cell-compartments and -multifunctionality in adenoids were analyzed taking into account patient's history of age and inflammatory processes. Here, we show that in adenoids of 102 infants and children similar frequencies of naïve, effector, and memory T-cells were accumulated, whereby history of suffering from subsequent infection symptoms resulted in lower frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells co-expressing several cytokines. While patients suffering from sole nasal obstruction had balanced Th1- and Th17-compartments, Th1 dominated in patients with concomitant upper airway infections. In addition, analysis of cytokine co-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells showed that children at the age of three or older differed significantly from those being 1- or 2-years old, implicating a developmental switch in T-cell differentiation at that age. Yet, dissecting age and infectious history of the patients revealed that while CD8+ T-cell differentiation seems to be triggered by development, CD4+ T-cell functionality is partly impaired by infections. However, this functionality recovers by the age of 3 years. Thus, 3 years of age seems to be a critical period in an infant's life to develop robust T-cell compartments of higher quality. These findings identify important areas for future research and distinguish an age period in early childhood when to consider adjusting the choice of treatment of infections. |
topic |
infant children pediatric immunology development multifunctional T-cells immune system |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01640/full |
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