Water Pollution and Its Causes in the Tuojiang River Basin, China: An Artificial Neural Network Analysis

This work aimed to assess the water quality of the Tuojiang River Basin in recent years to provide a better understanding of its current pollution situation, and the potential pollution risks and causes. Water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia–nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub...

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Main Authors:	Zheng Zeng, Wei-Ge Luo, Zhe Wang, Fa-Cheng Yi
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2021-01-01
Series:	Sustainability
Subjects:	Tuojiang River water pollution heavy metal pollution BP-ANN evaluation
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/2/792

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spelling	doaj-2b2682e851d14b93bef9b0082ab7ad072021-01-16T00:01:39ZengMDPI AGSustainability2071-10502021-01-011379279210.3390/su13020792Water Pollution and Its Causes in the Tuojiang River Basin, China: An Artificial Neural Network AnalysisZheng Zeng0Wei-Ge Luo1Zhe Wang2Fa-Cheng Yi3College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, ChinaCollege of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, ChinaCollege of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, ChinaCollege of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, ChinaThis work aimed to assess the water quality of the Tuojiang River Basin in recent years to provide a better understanding of its current pollution situation, and the potential pollution risks and causes. Water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia–nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N), total phosphorus (TP), the permanganate index (CODMn), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), pH, and concentrations of various heavy metals were measured in the Tuojiang River, according to the national standards of the People’s Republic of China. Samples were collected between 2012 to 2018 at 11 national monitoring sites in the Tuojiang River Basin. The overall water pollution situation was evaluated with back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) analysis. The pollution causes were analyzed considering both industrial wastewater discharge in the upper reaches and the current pollution situation. We found potential risks of excessive NH<sub>3</sub>-N, TP, Cd, Hg, and Pb concentrations in the Tuojiang River Basin. Moreover, corresponding water pollution control suggestions were given.https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/2/792Tuojiang Riverwater pollutionheavy metal pollutionBP-ANN evaluation
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Zheng Zeng Wei-Ge Luo Zhe Wang Fa-Cheng Yi
spellingShingle	Zheng Zeng Wei-Ge Luo Zhe Wang Fa-Cheng Yi Water Pollution and Its Causes in the Tuojiang River Basin, China: An Artificial Neural Network Analysis Sustainability Tuojiang River water pollution heavy metal pollution BP-ANN evaluation
author_facet	Zheng Zeng Wei-Ge Luo Zhe Wang Fa-Cheng Yi
author_sort	Zheng Zeng
title	Water Pollution and Its Causes in the Tuojiang River Basin, China: An Artificial Neural Network Analysis
title_short	Water Pollution and Its Causes in the Tuojiang River Basin, China: An Artificial Neural Network Analysis
title_full	Water Pollution and Its Causes in the Tuojiang River Basin, China: An Artificial Neural Network Analysis
title_fullStr	Water Pollution and Its Causes in the Tuojiang River Basin, China: An Artificial Neural Network Analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Water Pollution and Its Causes in the Tuojiang River Basin, China: An Artificial Neural Network Analysis
title_sort	water pollution and its causes in the tuojiang river basin, china: an artificial neural network analysis
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Sustainability
issn	2071-1050
publishDate	2021-01-01
description	This work aimed to assess the water quality of the Tuojiang River Basin in recent years to provide a better understanding of its current pollution situation, and the potential pollution risks and causes. Water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia–nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N), total phosphorus (TP), the permanganate index (CODMn), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), pH, and concentrations of various heavy metals were measured in the Tuojiang River, according to the national standards of the People’s Republic of China. Samples were collected between 2012 to 2018 at 11 national monitoring sites in the Tuojiang River Basin. The overall water pollution situation was evaluated with back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) analysis. The pollution causes were analyzed considering both industrial wastewater discharge in the upper reaches and the current pollution situation. We found potential risks of excessive NH<sub>3</sub>-N, TP, Cd, Hg, and Pb concentrations in the Tuojiang River Basin. Moreover, corresponding water pollution control suggestions were given.
topic	Tuojiang River water pollution heavy metal pollution BP-ANN evaluation
url	https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/2/792
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Water Pollution and Its Causes in the Tuojiang River Basin, China: An Artificial Neural Network Analysis

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