Phylogenetic assessment reveals continuous evolution and circulation of pigeon-derived virulent avian avulaviruses 1 in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa
Abstract Background The remarkable diversity and mobility of Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) includes virulent viruses of genotype VI. These viruses are often referred to as pigeon paramyxoviruses 1 because they are normally isolated and cause clinical disease in birds from the Columbidae family. Ge...
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2017-09-01
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Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-017-1211-4 |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mahmoud Sabra Kiril M. Dimitrov Iryna V. Goraichuk Abdul Wajid Poonam Sharma Dawn Williams-Coplin Asma Basharat Shafqat F. Rehmani Denys V. Muzyka Patti J. Miller Claudio L. Afonso |
spellingShingle |
Mahmoud Sabra Kiril M. Dimitrov Iryna V. Goraichuk Abdul Wajid Poonam Sharma Dawn Williams-Coplin Asma Basharat Shafqat F. Rehmani Denys V. Muzyka Patti J. Miller Claudio L. Afonso Phylogenetic assessment reveals continuous evolution and circulation of pigeon-derived virulent avian avulaviruses 1 in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa BMC Veterinary Research Newcastle disease virus NDV Pigeons Genotype VI rRT-PCR Mismatches |
author_facet |
Mahmoud Sabra Kiril M. Dimitrov Iryna V. Goraichuk Abdul Wajid Poonam Sharma Dawn Williams-Coplin Asma Basharat Shafqat F. Rehmani Denys V. Muzyka Patti J. Miller Claudio L. Afonso |
author_sort |
Mahmoud Sabra |
title |
Phylogenetic assessment reveals continuous evolution and circulation of pigeon-derived virulent avian avulaviruses 1 in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa |
title_short |
Phylogenetic assessment reveals continuous evolution and circulation of pigeon-derived virulent avian avulaviruses 1 in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa |
title_full |
Phylogenetic assessment reveals continuous evolution and circulation of pigeon-derived virulent avian avulaviruses 1 in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa |
title_fullStr |
Phylogenetic assessment reveals continuous evolution and circulation of pigeon-derived virulent avian avulaviruses 1 in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phylogenetic assessment reveals continuous evolution and circulation of pigeon-derived virulent avian avulaviruses 1 in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa |
title_sort |
phylogenetic assessment reveals continuous evolution and circulation of pigeon-derived virulent avian avulaviruses 1 in eastern europe, asia, and africa |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Veterinary Research |
issn |
1746-6148 |
publishDate |
2017-09-01 |
description |
Abstract Background The remarkable diversity and mobility of Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) includes virulent viruses of genotype VI. These viruses are often referred to as pigeon paramyxoviruses 1 because they are normally isolated and cause clinical disease in birds from the Columbidae family. Genotype VI viruses occasionally infect, and may also cause clinical disease in poultry. Thus, the evolution, current spread and detection of these viruses are relevant to avian health. Results Here, we describe the isolation and genomic characterization of six Egyptian (2015), four Pakistani (2015), and two Ukrainian (2007, 2013) recent pigeon-derived NDV isolates of sub-genotype VIg. These viruses are closely related to isolates from Kazakhstan, Nigeria and Russia. In addition, eight genetically related NDV isolates from Pakistan (2014–2016) that define a new sub-genotype (VIm) are described. All of these viruses, and the ancestral Bulgarian (n = 2) and South Korean (n = 2) viruses described here, have predicted virulent cleavage sites of the fusion protein, and those selected for further characterization have intracerebral pathogenicity index assay values characteristic of NDV of genotype VI (1.31 to 1.48). A validated matrix gene real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) NDV test detect all tested isolates. However, the validated rRT-PCR test that is normally used to identify the virulent fusion gene fails to detect the Egyptian and Ukrainian viruses due to mismatches in primers and probe. A new rapid rRT-PCR test to determine the presence of virulent cleavage sites for viruses from sub-genotypes VIg was developed and evaluated on these and other viruses. Conclusions We describe the almost simultaneous circulation and continuous evolution of genotype VI Newcastle disease viruses in distant locations, suggesting epidemiological connections among three continents. As pigeons are not migratory, this study suggests the need to understand the possible role of human activity in the dispersal of these viruses. Complete genomic characterization identified previously unrecognized genetic diversity that contributes to diagnostic failure and will facilitate future evolutionary studies. These results highlight the importance of conducting active surveillance on pigeons worldwide and the need to update existent rapid diagnostic protocols to detect emerging viral variants and help manage the disease in affected regions. |
topic |
Newcastle disease virus NDV Pigeons Genotype VI rRT-PCR Mismatches |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-017-1211-4 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT mahmoudsabra phylogeneticassessmentrevealscontinuousevolutionandcirculationofpigeonderivedvirulentavianavulaviruses1ineasterneuropeasiaandafrica AT kirilmdimitrov phylogeneticassessmentrevealscontinuousevolutionandcirculationofpigeonderivedvirulentavianavulaviruses1ineasterneuropeasiaandafrica AT irynavgoraichuk phylogeneticassessmentrevealscontinuousevolutionandcirculationofpigeonderivedvirulentavianavulaviruses1ineasterneuropeasiaandafrica AT abdulwajid phylogeneticassessmentrevealscontinuousevolutionandcirculationofpigeonderivedvirulentavianavulaviruses1ineasterneuropeasiaandafrica AT poonamsharma phylogeneticassessmentrevealscontinuousevolutionandcirculationofpigeonderivedvirulentavianavulaviruses1ineasterneuropeasiaandafrica AT dawnwilliamscoplin phylogeneticassessmentrevealscontinuousevolutionandcirculationofpigeonderivedvirulentavianavulaviruses1ineasterneuropeasiaandafrica AT asmabasharat phylogeneticassessmentrevealscontinuousevolutionandcirculationofpigeonderivedvirulentavianavulaviruses1ineasterneuropeasiaandafrica AT shafqatfrehmani phylogeneticassessmentrevealscontinuousevolutionandcirculationofpigeonderivedvirulentavianavulaviruses1ineasterneuropeasiaandafrica AT denysvmuzyka phylogeneticassessmentrevealscontinuousevolutionandcirculationofpigeonderivedvirulentavianavulaviruses1ineasterneuropeasiaandafrica AT pattijmiller phylogeneticassessmentrevealscontinuousevolutionandcirculationofpigeonderivedvirulentavianavulaviruses1ineasterneuropeasiaandafrica AT claudiolafonso phylogeneticassessmentrevealscontinuousevolutionandcirculationofpigeonderivedvirulentavianavulaviruses1ineasterneuropeasiaandafrica |
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doaj-2babe3863d4f46ef82ee0efbdf5cd3e72020-11-25T00:22:21ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482017-09-0113111310.1186/s12917-017-1211-4Phylogenetic assessment reveals continuous evolution and circulation of pigeon-derived virulent avian avulaviruses 1 in Eastern Europe, Asia, and AfricaMahmoud Sabra0Kiril M. Dimitrov1Iryna V. Goraichuk2Abdul Wajid3Poonam Sharma4Dawn Williams-Coplin5Asma Basharat6Shafqat F. Rehmani7Denys V. Muzyka8Patti J. Miller9Claudio L. Afonso10Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley UniversityExotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research ServiceExotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research ServiceQuality Operations Laboratory (QOL), University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesExotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research ServiceExotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research ServiceQuality Operations Laboratory (QOL), University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesQuality Operations Laboratory (QOL), University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesNational Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary MedicineExotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research ServiceExotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research ServiceAbstract Background The remarkable diversity and mobility of Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) includes virulent viruses of genotype VI. These viruses are often referred to as pigeon paramyxoviruses 1 because they are normally isolated and cause clinical disease in birds from the Columbidae family. Genotype VI viruses occasionally infect, and may also cause clinical disease in poultry. Thus, the evolution, current spread and detection of these viruses are relevant to avian health. Results Here, we describe the isolation and genomic characterization of six Egyptian (2015), four Pakistani (2015), and two Ukrainian (2007, 2013) recent pigeon-derived NDV isolates of sub-genotype VIg. These viruses are closely related to isolates from Kazakhstan, Nigeria and Russia. In addition, eight genetically related NDV isolates from Pakistan (2014–2016) that define a new sub-genotype (VIm) are described. All of these viruses, and the ancestral Bulgarian (n = 2) and South Korean (n = 2) viruses described here, have predicted virulent cleavage sites of the fusion protein, and those selected for further characterization have intracerebral pathogenicity index assay values characteristic of NDV of genotype VI (1.31 to 1.48). A validated matrix gene real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) NDV test detect all tested isolates. However, the validated rRT-PCR test that is normally used to identify the virulent fusion gene fails to detect the Egyptian and Ukrainian viruses due to mismatches in primers and probe. A new rapid rRT-PCR test to determine the presence of virulent cleavage sites for viruses from sub-genotypes VIg was developed and evaluated on these and other viruses. Conclusions We describe the almost simultaneous circulation and continuous evolution of genotype VI Newcastle disease viruses in distant locations, suggesting epidemiological connections among three continents. As pigeons are not migratory, this study suggests the need to understand the possible role of human activity in the dispersal of these viruses. Complete genomic characterization identified previously unrecognized genetic diversity that contributes to diagnostic failure and will facilitate future evolutionary studies. These results highlight the importance of conducting active surveillance on pigeons worldwide and the need to update existent rapid diagnostic protocols to detect emerging viral variants and help manage the disease in affected regions.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-017-1211-4Newcastle disease virusNDVPigeonsGenotype VIrRT-PCRMismatches |