Who is asked about alcohol consumption? A retrospective cohort study using a national repository of Electronic Medical Records

• Main Authors: Alexander Singer, Leanne Kosowan, Shilpa Loewen, Sheryl Spithoff, Michelle Greiver, Joanna Lynch
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2021-06-01
• Series: Preventive Medicine Reports
• Subjects: Electronic health records; Alcohol drinking; Primary health care; Supervised machine learning
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335521000371

Documentation of alcohol use in electronic medical record (EMR) informs interventions to reduce alcohol-related morbidity and mortality. This retrospective cohort study explored EMR data from 960 primary care providers participating in the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network to describe documentation of alcohol use (e.g. none, current or past use) in the EMR. Included providers represented 700,620 adult patients from across Canada with an encounter between 2015 and 2018. Bivariate comparisons characterized the patients with, and without, documentation of alcohol use. Multivariate generalized estimating equation models with logit function assessed patient and provider characteristics associated with (1) documentation of alcohol and (2) patients with heightened risk for alcohol-related problems. Forty percent of patients had alcohol use documentation in the EMR. Light alcohol consumption was recorded for 43.6% of these patients. Male patients (OR1.09, CI 1.07–1.12), who were older (OR1.26, CI 1.23–1.30), had more frequent visits to their provider (OR1.11, CI 1.09–1.13) and had hypertension (OR1.07, CI 1.06–1.09) or depression (OR1.07, CI 1.09–1.14) had higher odds of alcohol documentation. There were 4.7% of patients with a record indicating heightened risk for alcohol-related problems. Male patients (OR3.27 CI 3.14–3.4), patients with depression (OR2.01 CI1.93–2.1) and rural residency (OR1.35 CI1.29–1.42) was associated with risk for alcohol-related problems. Heavy alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of negative health outcomes, particularly for patients with certain chronic conditions. However, these patients do not have alcohol use consistently documented in the EMR. Strategies should be designed and implemented to support more consistent alcohol-screening among high-risk patients.