Dietary Cholesterol Concentration and Duration Degrade Long-Term Memory of Classical Conditioning of the Rabbit’s Nictitating Membrane Response
A rabbit model of Alzheimer’s disease based on feeding a cholesterol diet for eight weeks shows sixteen hallmarks of the disease, including learning and memory changes. Although we have shown 2% cholesterol and copper in water can retard learning, other studies show feeding dietary cholesterol befor...
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Series: | International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/732634 |
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doaj-2c052ce58cca4811bca9c1b34b4a15e02020-11-24T23:03:32ZengHindawi LimitedInternational Journal of Alzheimer's Disease2090-80242090-02522012-01-01201210.1155/2012/732634732634Dietary Cholesterol Concentration and Duration Degrade Long-Term Memory of Classical Conditioning of the Rabbit’s Nictitating Membrane ResponseBernard G. Schreurs0Desheng Wang1Carrie A. Smith-Bell2Lauren B. Burhans3Roger Bell4Jimena Gonzalez-Joekes5Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USABlanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USABlanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USABlanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USABlanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USABlanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USAA rabbit model of Alzheimer’s disease based on feeding a cholesterol diet for eight weeks shows sixteen hallmarks of the disease, including learning and memory changes. Although we have shown 2% cholesterol and copper in water can retard learning, other studies show feeding dietary cholesterol before learning can improve acquisition whereas feeding cholesterol after learning can degrade long-term memory. We explored this issue by manipulating cholesterol concentration and duration following classical trace conditioning of the rabbit’s nictitating membrane response and assessed conditioned responding after eight weeks on cholesterol. First, rabbits given trace classical conditioning followed by 0.5%, 1%, or 2% cholesterol for eight weeks showed body weight and serum cholesterol levels that were a function of dietary cholesterol. Although all concentrations of cholesterol showed some sign of retarding long-term memory, the level of memory retardation was correlated with serum cholesterol levels. Second, rabbits given trace conditioning followed by different durations of a 2% cholesterol diet combined with different durations of a 0% control diet for 8 weeks showed duration and timing of a 2% cholesterol diet were important in affecting recall. The data support the idea that dietary cholesterol may retard long-term memory.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/732634 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bernard G. Schreurs Desheng Wang Carrie A. Smith-Bell Lauren B. Burhans Roger Bell Jimena Gonzalez-Joekes |
spellingShingle |
Bernard G. Schreurs Desheng Wang Carrie A. Smith-Bell Lauren B. Burhans Roger Bell Jimena Gonzalez-Joekes Dietary Cholesterol Concentration and Duration Degrade Long-Term Memory of Classical Conditioning of the Rabbit’s Nictitating Membrane Response International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease |
author_facet |
Bernard G. Schreurs Desheng Wang Carrie A. Smith-Bell Lauren B. Burhans Roger Bell Jimena Gonzalez-Joekes |
author_sort |
Bernard G. Schreurs |
title |
Dietary Cholesterol Concentration and Duration Degrade Long-Term Memory of Classical Conditioning of the Rabbit’s Nictitating Membrane Response |
title_short |
Dietary Cholesterol Concentration and Duration Degrade Long-Term Memory of Classical Conditioning of the Rabbit’s Nictitating Membrane Response |
title_full |
Dietary Cholesterol Concentration and Duration Degrade Long-Term Memory of Classical Conditioning of the Rabbit’s Nictitating Membrane Response |
title_fullStr |
Dietary Cholesterol Concentration and Duration Degrade Long-Term Memory of Classical Conditioning of the Rabbit’s Nictitating Membrane Response |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dietary Cholesterol Concentration and Duration Degrade Long-Term Memory of Classical Conditioning of the Rabbit’s Nictitating Membrane Response |
title_sort |
dietary cholesterol concentration and duration degrade long-term memory of classical conditioning of the rabbit’s nictitating membrane response |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease |
issn |
2090-8024 2090-0252 |
publishDate |
2012-01-01 |
description |
A rabbit model of Alzheimer’s disease based on feeding a cholesterol diet for eight weeks shows sixteen hallmarks of the disease, including learning and memory changes. Although we have shown 2% cholesterol and copper in water can retard learning, other studies show feeding dietary cholesterol before learning can improve acquisition whereas feeding cholesterol after learning can degrade long-term memory. We explored this issue by manipulating cholesterol concentration and duration following classical trace conditioning of the rabbit’s nictitating membrane response and assessed conditioned responding after eight weeks on cholesterol. First, rabbits given trace classical conditioning followed by 0.5%, 1%, or 2% cholesterol for eight weeks showed body weight and serum cholesterol levels that were a function of dietary cholesterol. Although all concentrations of cholesterol showed some sign of retarding long-term memory, the level of memory retardation was correlated with serum cholesterol levels. Second, rabbits given trace conditioning followed by different durations of a 2% cholesterol diet combined with different durations of a 0% control diet for 8 weeks showed duration and timing of a 2% cholesterol diet were important in affecting recall. The data support the idea that dietary cholesterol may retard long-term memory. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/732634 |
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