Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: New Potential Imaging Techniques and Biomarkers in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is an inflammatory brain disease affecting the medium and small vessels of the CNS. Although recent data of patients with PACNS have advanced the understanding of the disease, the diagnosis remains challenging. Clinical presentation of PACNS is...
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doaj-2c315316f9614bb4b21ba1a107ed6c302020-11-25T01:36:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952019-06-011010.3389/fneur.2019.00568456326Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: New Potential Imaging Techniques and Biomarkers in Blood and Cerebrospinal FluidMilani Deb-ChatterjiSimon SchusterVivien HaeusslerChristian GerloffGötz ThomallaTim MagnusPrimary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is an inflammatory brain disease affecting the medium and small vessels of the CNS. Although recent data of patients with PACNS have advanced the understanding of the disease, the diagnosis remains challenging. Clinical presentation of PACNS is broad and unspecific and the majority of the diagnostic approaches are hallmarked by a low specificity. Thus, PACNS is commonly misdiagnosed. In addition, due to its potential aggressive course which may be altered by an adequate immunosuppressive treatment, delineation from other vasculopathies and PACNS mimics is crucial. New diagnostic tools and biomarkers which increase specificity and facilitate the diagnosis for patients with suspected PACNS are highly desirable. This short review summarizes the current procedures within the diagnostic process and aims to illustrate its difficulties and challenges. Furthermore, it highlights emerging biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral venous blood as well as novel potential imaging tools that may corroborate the diagnosis. With new imaging techniques and a panel of biomarkers the certainty of the diagnosis may be increased and diagnostic processes more accelerated in the future.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2019.00568/fullPACNSbiomarkervasculitiscerebrospinal fluidperipheral venous bloodimaging |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Milani Deb-Chatterji Simon Schuster Vivien Haeussler Christian Gerloff Götz Thomalla Tim Magnus |
spellingShingle |
Milani Deb-Chatterji Simon Schuster Vivien Haeussler Christian Gerloff Götz Thomalla Tim Magnus Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: New Potential Imaging Techniques and Biomarkers in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Frontiers in Neurology PACNS biomarker vasculitis cerebrospinal fluid peripheral venous blood imaging |
author_facet |
Milani Deb-Chatterji Simon Schuster Vivien Haeussler Christian Gerloff Götz Thomalla Tim Magnus |
author_sort |
Milani Deb-Chatterji |
title |
Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: New Potential Imaging Techniques and Biomarkers in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid |
title_short |
Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: New Potential Imaging Techniques and Biomarkers in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid |
title_full |
Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: New Potential Imaging Techniques and Biomarkers in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid |
title_fullStr |
Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: New Potential Imaging Techniques and Biomarkers in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid |
title_full_unstemmed |
Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: New Potential Imaging Techniques and Biomarkers in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid |
title_sort |
primary angiitis of the central nervous system: new potential imaging techniques and biomarkers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Neurology |
issn |
1664-2295 |
publishDate |
2019-06-01 |
description |
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is an inflammatory brain disease affecting the medium and small vessels of the CNS. Although recent data of patients with PACNS have advanced the understanding of the disease, the diagnosis remains challenging. Clinical presentation of PACNS is broad and unspecific and the majority of the diagnostic approaches are hallmarked by a low specificity. Thus, PACNS is commonly misdiagnosed. In addition, due to its potential aggressive course which may be altered by an adequate immunosuppressive treatment, delineation from other vasculopathies and PACNS mimics is crucial. New diagnostic tools and biomarkers which increase specificity and facilitate the diagnosis for patients with suspected PACNS are highly desirable. This short review summarizes the current procedures within the diagnostic process and aims to illustrate its difficulties and challenges. Furthermore, it highlights emerging biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral venous blood as well as novel potential imaging tools that may corroborate the diagnosis. With new imaging techniques and a panel of biomarkers the certainty of the diagnosis may be increased and diagnostic processes more accelerated in the future. |
topic |
PACNS biomarker vasculitis cerebrospinal fluid peripheral venous blood imaging |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2019.00568/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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