Reversible sirolimus-induced pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a renal transplant patient
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is characterized by accumulation of surfactant-like lipoprotein material within distal bronchioles and alveoli due to impaired clearance. Clinically, PAP presents with dyspnea and cough. A 58-year-old Hispanic man presented with 6 months of productive cough, weig...
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doaj-2d3950ce180840b388a7463963d50c932020-11-25T03:22:09ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsLung India0970-21130974-598X2020-01-0137325225610.4103/lungindia.lungindia_484_19Reversible sirolimus-induced pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a renal transplant patientDavid Eugenio Hinojosa-GonzálezDaniel Dávila-GonzálezGustavo Salgado-GarzaEduardo Flores-VillalbaPulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is characterized by accumulation of surfactant-like lipoprotein material within distal bronchioles and alveoli due to impaired clearance. Clinically, PAP presents with dyspnea and cough. A 58-year-old Hispanic man presented with 6 months of productive cough, weight loss, and progressively worsening dyspnea. He reported a long history of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes that led to diabetic nephropathy. The patient had a strong passive smoking history for over 30 years and exposure to woodsmoke. He had pulmonary tuberculosis in 2007 and 2012. In 2011, he was diagnosed with renal failure, was dialyzed for a year, and received a renal transplant in 2012. His posttransplant medication regimens included tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid, and prednisone. Six months after the transplant, he suffered graft rejection, managed with steroids and switching from tacrolimus to sirolimus. His physical examination demonstrated scattered inspiratory crackles, and a chest X-ray showed bilateral perihilar ground-glass opacities. PAP was diagnosed through lung biopsy, which showed eosinophilic granular infiltrate withing the alveoli. Sirolimus was switched back to tacrolimus 2 mg in September 2018. PAP diagnosis included hematoxylin and eosin and PAS. Clinical follow-up included oxygen saturation with pulse oximeter and chest X-rays. A 2-month follow-up showed only partial improvement in both symptoms and radiological findings. In January 2019, a follow-up showed complete radiological and symptomatologic resolution. After 5 months, the patient remains asymptomatic with adequate exertion tolerance. PAP remains a diagnosis of exclusion in patients undergoing immunomodulatory therapy with sirolimus and pulmonary symptoms. Reversal can be achieved by switching agents.http://www.lungindia.com/article.asp?issn=0970-2113;year=2020;volume=37;issue=3;spage=252;epage=256;aulast=Hinojosa-Gonzálezpulmonary alveolar proteinosissirolimustransplant |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
David Eugenio Hinojosa-González Daniel Dávila-González Gustavo Salgado-Garza Eduardo Flores-Villalba |
spellingShingle |
David Eugenio Hinojosa-González Daniel Dávila-González Gustavo Salgado-Garza Eduardo Flores-Villalba Reversible sirolimus-induced pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a renal transplant patient Lung India pulmonary alveolar proteinosis sirolimus transplant |
author_facet |
David Eugenio Hinojosa-González Daniel Dávila-González Gustavo Salgado-Garza Eduardo Flores-Villalba |
author_sort |
David Eugenio Hinojosa-González |
title |
Reversible sirolimus-induced pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a renal transplant patient |
title_short |
Reversible sirolimus-induced pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a renal transplant patient |
title_full |
Reversible sirolimus-induced pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a renal transplant patient |
title_fullStr |
Reversible sirolimus-induced pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a renal transplant patient |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reversible sirolimus-induced pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a renal transplant patient |
title_sort |
reversible sirolimus-induced pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a renal transplant patient |
publisher |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
series |
Lung India |
issn |
0970-2113 0974-598X |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is characterized by accumulation of surfactant-like lipoprotein material within distal bronchioles and alveoli due to impaired clearance. Clinically, PAP presents with dyspnea and cough. A 58-year-old Hispanic man presented with 6 months of productive cough, weight loss, and progressively worsening dyspnea. He reported a long history of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes that led to diabetic nephropathy. The patient had a strong passive smoking history for over 30 years and exposure to woodsmoke. He had pulmonary tuberculosis in 2007 and 2012. In 2011, he was diagnosed with renal failure, was dialyzed for a year, and received a renal transplant in 2012. His posttransplant medication regimens included tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid, and prednisone. Six months after the transplant, he suffered graft rejection, managed with steroids and switching from tacrolimus to sirolimus. His physical examination demonstrated scattered inspiratory crackles, and a chest X-ray showed bilateral perihilar ground-glass opacities. PAP was diagnosed through lung biopsy, which showed eosinophilic granular infiltrate withing the alveoli. Sirolimus was switched back to tacrolimus 2 mg in September 2018. PAP diagnosis included hematoxylin and eosin and PAS. Clinical follow-up included oxygen saturation with pulse oximeter and chest X-rays. A 2-month follow-up showed only partial improvement in both symptoms and radiological findings. In January 2019, a follow-up showed complete radiological and symptomatologic resolution. After 5 months, the patient remains asymptomatic with adequate exertion tolerance. PAP remains a diagnosis of exclusion in patients undergoing immunomodulatory therapy with sirolimus and pulmonary symptoms. Reversal can be achieved by switching agents. |
topic |
pulmonary alveolar proteinosis sirolimus transplant |
url |
http://www.lungindia.com/article.asp?issn=0970-2113;year=2020;volume=37;issue=3;spage=252;epage=256;aulast=Hinojosa-González |
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