Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Critical Illness: Anti-Inflammatory, Proresolving, or Both?
Prognosis and outcomes of critically ill patients are strictly related with inflammatory status. Inflammation involves a multitude of interactions between different cell types and chemical mediators. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly represented by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and d...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5987082 |
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doaj-2d3ec2fcbaa94099b34f210bd17167b22020-11-24T22:34:26ZengHindawi LimitedOxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity1942-09001942-09942017-01-01201710.1155/2017/59870825987082Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Critical Illness: Anti-Inflammatory, Proresolving, or Both?Alessio Molfino0Maria Ida Amabile1Massimo Monti2Maurizio Muscaritoli3Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 37, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 37, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 37, 00185 Rome, ItalyPrognosis and outcomes of critically ill patients are strictly related with inflammatory status. Inflammation involves a multitude of interactions between different cell types and chemical mediators. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly represented by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are able to inhibit different pathways including leukocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and interactions, and production of inflammatory cytokines, through the action of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs from omega-6 fatty acids, such as lipoxins, and from omega-3 fatty acids such as resolvins, protectins, and maresins, act in reducing/resolving the inflammatory process in critical diseases, stimulating the phases of resolution of inflammation. In this light, the resolution of inflammation is nowadays considered as an active process, instead of a passive process. In critical illness, SPMs regulate the excessive posttrauma inflammatory response, protecting organs from damage. This review focuses on the role of omega-3 PUFAs as pharma nutrition agents in acute inflammatory conditions, highlighting their effects as anti-inflammatory or proresolving agents.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5987082 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Alessio Molfino Maria Ida Amabile Massimo Monti Maurizio Muscaritoli |
spellingShingle |
Alessio Molfino Maria Ida Amabile Massimo Monti Maurizio Muscaritoli Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Critical Illness: Anti-Inflammatory, Proresolving, or Both? Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity |
author_facet |
Alessio Molfino Maria Ida Amabile Massimo Monti Maurizio Muscaritoli |
author_sort |
Alessio Molfino |
title |
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Critical Illness: Anti-Inflammatory, Proresolving, or Both? |
title_short |
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Critical Illness: Anti-Inflammatory, Proresolving, or Both? |
title_full |
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Critical Illness: Anti-Inflammatory, Proresolving, or Both? |
title_fullStr |
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Critical Illness: Anti-Inflammatory, Proresolving, or Both? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Critical Illness: Anti-Inflammatory, Proresolving, or Both? |
title_sort |
omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in critical illness: anti-inflammatory, proresolving, or both? |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity |
issn |
1942-0900 1942-0994 |
publishDate |
2017-01-01 |
description |
Prognosis and outcomes of critically ill patients are strictly related with inflammatory status. Inflammation involves a multitude of interactions between different cell types and chemical mediators. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly represented by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are able to inhibit different pathways including leukocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and interactions, and production of inflammatory cytokines, through the action of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs from omega-6 fatty acids, such as lipoxins, and from omega-3 fatty acids such as resolvins, protectins, and maresins, act in reducing/resolving the inflammatory process in critical diseases, stimulating the phases of resolution of inflammation. In this light, the resolution of inflammation is nowadays considered as an active process, instead of a passive process. In critical illness, SPMs regulate the excessive posttrauma inflammatory response, protecting organs from damage. This review focuses on the role of omega-3 PUFAs as pharma nutrition agents in acute inflammatory conditions, highlighting their effects as anti-inflammatory or proresolving agents. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5987082 |
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