Clinical Insights Into Novel Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
The success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), notably anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) as well as inhibitors of CTLA-4, programmed death 1 (PD-1), and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), has revolutionized treatment options for solid tumors. However, the lack of respons...
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doaj-2d757a8fb7a44b26a759c82b967ddf672021-05-07T12:55:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122021-05-011210.3389/fphar.2021.681320681320Clinical Insights Into Novel Immune Checkpoint InhibitorsJii Bum Lee0Jii Bum Lee1Sang-Jun Ha2Hye Ryun Kim3Division of Hemato-oncology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South KoreaDivision of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaDivision of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaThe success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), notably anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) as well as inhibitors of CTLA-4, programmed death 1 (PD-1), and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), has revolutionized treatment options for solid tumors. However, the lack of response to treatment, in terms of de novo or acquired resistance, and immune related adverse events (IRAE) remain as hurdles. One mechanisms to overcome the limitations of ICIs is to target other immune checkpoints associated with tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoints such as lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3), inducible T cell costimulatory (ICOS), and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) are feasible and promising options for treating solid tumors, and clinical trials are currently under active investigation. This review aims to summarize the clinical aspects of the immune checkpoints and introduce novel agents targeting these checkpoints.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.681320/fullimmune checkpointLAG-3TIGITTIM-3B7-H3VISTA |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jii Bum Lee Jii Bum Lee Sang-Jun Ha Hye Ryun Kim |
spellingShingle |
Jii Bum Lee Jii Bum Lee Sang-Jun Ha Hye Ryun Kim Clinical Insights Into Novel Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Frontiers in Pharmacology immune checkpoint LAG-3 TIGIT TIM-3 B7-H3 VISTA |
author_facet |
Jii Bum Lee Jii Bum Lee Sang-Jun Ha Hye Ryun Kim |
author_sort |
Jii Bum Lee |
title |
Clinical Insights Into Novel Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors |
title_short |
Clinical Insights Into Novel Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors |
title_full |
Clinical Insights Into Novel Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors |
title_fullStr |
Clinical Insights Into Novel Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Clinical Insights Into Novel Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors |
title_sort |
clinical insights into novel immune checkpoint inhibitors |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Pharmacology |
issn |
1663-9812 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
The success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), notably anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) as well as inhibitors of CTLA-4, programmed death 1 (PD-1), and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), has revolutionized treatment options for solid tumors. However, the lack of response to treatment, in terms of de novo or acquired resistance, and immune related adverse events (IRAE) remain as hurdles. One mechanisms to overcome the limitations of ICIs is to target other immune checkpoints associated with tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoints such as lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3), inducible T cell costimulatory (ICOS), and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) are feasible and promising options for treating solid tumors, and clinical trials are currently under active investigation. This review aims to summarize the clinical aspects of the immune checkpoints and introduce novel agents targeting these checkpoints. |
topic |
immune checkpoint LAG-3 TIGIT TIM-3 B7-H3 VISTA |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.681320/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1721455449920765952 |