| Summary: | Rare earth (RE) addition can refine and change the shape/distribution of inclusions in steel to improve its strength and toughness. In this paper, the control of RE, specifically Ce and La, and their behaviors in the practical industrial production of high-strength structural steel with 420 MPa yield strength were studied. In particular, the interactions between RE and Al, Nb, S, O were investigated, with the aim of improving the steel toughness and welding performance. The impact energy of the plate with RE is approximately 50 J higher than the regular plate without RE. The toughness of the plate from ladle furnace (LF) refining with RE addition is better than the one from Ruhrstahl and Hereaeus (RH) refining. The RE inclusions could induce the intragranular ferrite and refine the grain size to the preferred size. After welding at the heat input of 200 kJ/cm, the grain size at the heat affected zone was found to be the finest in the plate from the LF process with RE addition. Notably, the microstructure of ferrite was quasi-polygonal.
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