Mild Head Trauma: Is Antiplatelet Therapy a Risk Factor for Hemorrhagic Complications?
Background and objectives: In patients who receive antiplatelet therapy (APT), the bleeding risk profile after mild head trauma (MHT) still needs clarification. Some studies have demonstrated an association with bleeding risk, whereas others have not. We studied the population of our level II emerge...
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doaj-2dc0c9ee57f5458a9e7c6767deb24e5e2021-04-07T23:04:24ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442021-04-015735735710.3390/medicina57040357Mild Head Trauma: Is Antiplatelet Therapy a Risk Factor for Hemorrhagic Complications?Gabriele Savioli0Iride Francesca Ceresa1Sabino Luzzi2Alice Giotta Lucifero3Maria Serena Pioli Di Marco4Federica Manzoni5Lorenzo Preda6Giovanni Ricevuti7Maria Antonietta Bressan8Emergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEmergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyNeurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyNeurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEmergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyHealth Promotion—Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Hygiene and Health Prevention Department, Health Protection Agency, 27100 Pavia, ItalyRadiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Drug Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEmergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyBackground and objectives: In patients who receive antiplatelet therapy (APT), the bleeding risk profile after mild head trauma (MHT) still needs clarification. Some studies have demonstrated an association with bleeding risk, whereas others have not. We studied the population of our level II emergency department (ED) trauma center to determine the risk of bleeding in patients receiving APT and whether bleeding results not from antiplatelet agents but rather from age. We assessed the bleeding risk, the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) that necessitated hospitalization for observation, the need for cranial neurosurgery, the severity of the patient’s condition at discharge, and the frequency of ED revisits for head trauma in patients receiving APT. Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 483 patients receiving APT who were in the ED for MHT in 2019. The control group consisted of 1443 patients in the ED with MHT over the same period who were not receiving APT or anticoagulant therapy. Our ED diagnostic therapeutic protocol mandates both triage and the medical examination to identify patients with MHT who are taking any anticoagulant or APT. Results: APT was not significantly associated with bleeding risk (<i>p</i> > 0.05); as a risk factor, age was significantly associated with the risk of bleeding, even after adjustment for therapy. Patients receiving APT had a greater need of surgery (1.2% vs. 0.4%; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and a higher rate of hospitalization (52.9% vs. 37.4%; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), and their clinical condition was more severe (evaluated according to the exit code value on a one-dimensional quantitative five-point numerical scale) at the time of discharge (<i>p</i> = 0.013). The frequency of ED revisits due to head trauma did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions: The risk of bleeding in patients receiving APT who had MHT was no higher than that in the control group. However, the clinical condition of patients receiving APT, including hospital admission for ICH monitoring and cranial neurosurgical interventions, was more severe.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/4/357minor head injurymild head traumaantiplatelet therapyemergency departmentbleeding riskintracranial hemorrhage |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Gabriele Savioli Iride Francesca Ceresa Sabino Luzzi Alice Giotta Lucifero Maria Serena Pioli Di Marco Federica Manzoni Lorenzo Preda Giovanni Ricevuti Maria Antonietta Bressan |
spellingShingle |
Gabriele Savioli Iride Francesca Ceresa Sabino Luzzi Alice Giotta Lucifero Maria Serena Pioli Di Marco Federica Manzoni Lorenzo Preda Giovanni Ricevuti Maria Antonietta Bressan Mild Head Trauma: Is Antiplatelet Therapy a Risk Factor for Hemorrhagic Complications? Medicina minor head injury mild head trauma antiplatelet therapy emergency department bleeding risk intracranial hemorrhage |
author_facet |
Gabriele Savioli Iride Francesca Ceresa Sabino Luzzi Alice Giotta Lucifero Maria Serena Pioli Di Marco Federica Manzoni Lorenzo Preda Giovanni Ricevuti Maria Antonietta Bressan |
author_sort |
Gabriele Savioli |
title |
Mild Head Trauma: Is Antiplatelet Therapy a Risk Factor for Hemorrhagic Complications? |
title_short |
Mild Head Trauma: Is Antiplatelet Therapy a Risk Factor for Hemorrhagic Complications? |
title_full |
Mild Head Trauma: Is Antiplatelet Therapy a Risk Factor for Hemorrhagic Complications? |
title_fullStr |
Mild Head Trauma: Is Antiplatelet Therapy a Risk Factor for Hemorrhagic Complications? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mild Head Trauma: Is Antiplatelet Therapy a Risk Factor for Hemorrhagic Complications? |
title_sort |
mild head trauma: is antiplatelet therapy a risk factor for hemorrhagic complications? |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Medicina |
issn |
1010-660X 1648-9144 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Background and objectives: In patients who receive antiplatelet therapy (APT), the bleeding risk profile after mild head trauma (MHT) still needs clarification. Some studies have demonstrated an association with bleeding risk, whereas others have not. We studied the population of our level II emergency department (ED) trauma center to determine the risk of bleeding in patients receiving APT and whether bleeding results not from antiplatelet agents but rather from age. We assessed the bleeding risk, the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) that necessitated hospitalization for observation, the need for cranial neurosurgery, the severity of the patient’s condition at discharge, and the frequency of ED revisits for head trauma in patients receiving APT. Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 483 patients receiving APT who were in the ED for MHT in 2019. The control group consisted of 1443 patients in the ED with MHT over the same period who were not receiving APT or anticoagulant therapy. Our ED diagnostic therapeutic protocol mandates both triage and the medical examination to identify patients with MHT who are taking any anticoagulant or APT. Results: APT was not significantly associated with bleeding risk (<i>p</i> > 0.05); as a risk factor, age was significantly associated with the risk of bleeding, even after adjustment for therapy. Patients receiving APT had a greater need of surgery (1.2% vs. 0.4%; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and a higher rate of hospitalization (52.9% vs. 37.4%; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), and their clinical condition was more severe (evaluated according to the exit code value on a one-dimensional quantitative five-point numerical scale) at the time of discharge (<i>p</i> = 0.013). The frequency of ED revisits due to head trauma did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions: The risk of bleeding in patients receiving APT who had MHT was no higher than that in the control group. However, the clinical condition of patients receiving APT, including hospital admission for ICH monitoring and cranial neurosurgical interventions, was more severe. |
topic |
minor head injury mild head trauma antiplatelet therapy emergency department bleeding risk intracranial hemorrhage |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/4/357 |
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