Spatial distribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae in the urban environment of Yaoundé, Cameroon
Abstract Background The rapid and unplanned urbanization of African cities is considered to increase the risk of urban malaria transmission. The present study objective was to assess factors influencing the spatio-temporal distribution of Anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroo...
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BMC
2019-10-01
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Series: | Infectious Diseases of Poverty |
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Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40249-019-0597-6 |
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Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Landre Djamouko-Djonkam Souleman Mounchili-Ndam Nelly Kala-Chouakeu Stella Mariette Nana-Ndjangwo Edmond Kopya Nadége Sonhafouo-Chiana Abdou Talipouo Carmene Sandra Ngadjeu Patricia Doumbe-Belisse Roland Bamou Jean Claude Toto Timoléon Tchuinkam Charles Sinclair Wondji Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio |
spellingShingle |
Landre Djamouko-Djonkam Souleman Mounchili-Ndam Nelly Kala-Chouakeu Stella Mariette Nana-Ndjangwo Edmond Kopya Nadége Sonhafouo-Chiana Abdou Talipouo Carmene Sandra Ngadjeu Patricia Doumbe-Belisse Roland Bamou Jean Claude Toto Timoléon Tchuinkam Charles Sinclair Wondji Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio Spatial distribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae in the urban environment of Yaoundé, Cameroon Infectious Diseases of Poverty Larval habitat Anopheles dynamics Urban environment Malaria GIS Yaoundé |
author_facet |
Landre Djamouko-Djonkam Souleman Mounchili-Ndam Nelly Kala-Chouakeu Stella Mariette Nana-Ndjangwo Edmond Kopya Nadége Sonhafouo-Chiana Abdou Talipouo Carmene Sandra Ngadjeu Patricia Doumbe-Belisse Roland Bamou Jean Claude Toto Timoléon Tchuinkam Charles Sinclair Wondji Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio |
author_sort |
Landre Djamouko-Djonkam |
title |
Spatial distribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae in the urban environment of Yaoundé, Cameroon |
title_short |
Spatial distribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae in the urban environment of Yaoundé, Cameroon |
title_full |
Spatial distribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae in the urban environment of Yaoundé, Cameroon |
title_fullStr |
Spatial distribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae in the urban environment of Yaoundé, Cameroon |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatial distribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae in the urban environment of Yaoundé, Cameroon |
title_sort |
spatial distribution of anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae in the urban environment of yaoundé, cameroon |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Infectious Diseases of Poverty |
issn |
2049-9957 |
publishDate |
2019-10-01 |
description |
Abstract Background The rapid and unplanned urbanization of African cities is considered to increase the risk of urban malaria transmission. The present study objective was to assess factors influencing the spatio-temporal distribution of Anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods All water bodies were checked once every 2 months for the presence of mosquito larvae from March 2017 to May 2018 in 32 districts of Yaoundé. Physico-chemical characteristics including the size, depth, turbidity, pH, temperature, conductivity, sulfates, organophosphates, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), conductivity, iron and calcium were recorded and analyzed according to anopheline larvae presence or absence. High resolution satellite images from landsat sentinel Enhanced Thematic Mapper were used for spatial mapping of both field and environmental variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify variables closely associated with anopheline larvae distribution. Results A total of 18 696 aquatic habitats were checked and only 2942 sites (15.7%) contained anopheline larvae. A high number of sites with anopheline larvae (≥ 69%) presented late instar larvae (L3, L4 and pupae). Anopheline mosquito larvae were sampled from a variety of breeding sites including puddles (51.6%), tire prints (12.9%), wells (11.7%) and drains (11.3%). Bivariate logistic regression analyses associated anopheline larvae presence with the absence of predators, absence of algae, absence of vegetation and depth of less than 1 m. Conductivity, turbidity, organophosphates, H2O2 and temperature were significantly high in breeding sites with anopheline larvae than in breeding sites without these larvae (P < 0.1). Anopheline species collected included An. coluzzii (91.1%) and An. gambiae s.s. (8.9%). GIS mapping indicated a heterogeneous distribution of anopheline breeding habitats in the city of Yaoundé. Land cover analysis indicated high variability of the city of Yaoundé’s landscape. Conclusions The data confirms adaptation of An. gambiae s.l. to the urban domain in the city of Yaoundé and calls for urgent actions to improve malaria vector control. |
topic |
Larval habitat Anopheles dynamics Urban environment Malaria GIS Yaoundé |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40249-019-0597-6 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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doaj-2dd89309a8a1457995bebc9065427e102020-11-25T03:06:50ZengBMCInfectious Diseases of Poverty2049-99572019-10-018111510.1186/s40249-019-0597-6Spatial distribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae in the urban environment of Yaoundé, CameroonLandre Djamouko-Djonkam0Souleman Mounchili-Ndam1Nelly Kala-Chouakeu2Stella Mariette Nana-Ndjangwo3Edmond Kopya4Nadége Sonhafouo-Chiana5Abdou Talipouo6Carmene Sandra Ngadjeu7Patricia Doumbe-Belisse8Roland Bamou9Jean Claude Toto10Timoléon Tchuinkam11Charles Sinclair Wondji12Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio13Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC)Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC)Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC)Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC)Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC)Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC)Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC)Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC)Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC)Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC)Malaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC)Vector Borne Infectious Disease Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology (VBID-LABEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of DschangVector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical medicine Pembroke PlaceMalaria Research Laboratory, Organization for the fight against Endemic diseases in Central Africa (OCEAC)Abstract Background The rapid and unplanned urbanization of African cities is considered to increase the risk of urban malaria transmission. The present study objective was to assess factors influencing the spatio-temporal distribution of Anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods All water bodies were checked once every 2 months for the presence of mosquito larvae from March 2017 to May 2018 in 32 districts of Yaoundé. Physico-chemical characteristics including the size, depth, turbidity, pH, temperature, conductivity, sulfates, organophosphates, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), conductivity, iron and calcium were recorded and analyzed according to anopheline larvae presence or absence. High resolution satellite images from landsat sentinel Enhanced Thematic Mapper were used for spatial mapping of both field and environmental variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify variables closely associated with anopheline larvae distribution. Results A total of 18 696 aquatic habitats were checked and only 2942 sites (15.7%) contained anopheline larvae. A high number of sites with anopheline larvae (≥ 69%) presented late instar larvae (L3, L4 and pupae). Anopheline mosquito larvae were sampled from a variety of breeding sites including puddles (51.6%), tire prints (12.9%), wells (11.7%) and drains (11.3%). Bivariate logistic regression analyses associated anopheline larvae presence with the absence of predators, absence of algae, absence of vegetation and depth of less than 1 m. Conductivity, turbidity, organophosphates, H2O2 and temperature were significantly high in breeding sites with anopheline larvae than in breeding sites without these larvae (P < 0.1). Anopheline species collected included An. coluzzii (91.1%) and An. gambiae s.s. (8.9%). GIS mapping indicated a heterogeneous distribution of anopheline breeding habitats in the city of Yaoundé. Land cover analysis indicated high variability of the city of Yaoundé’s landscape. Conclusions The data confirms adaptation of An. gambiae s.l. to the urban domain in the city of Yaoundé and calls for urgent actions to improve malaria vector control.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40249-019-0597-6Larval habitatAnopheles dynamicsUrban environmentMalariaGISYaoundé |