Resources for methylome analysis suitable for gene knockout studies of potential epigenome modifiers

• Main Authors: Wilson Gareth A, Dhami Pawandeep, Feber Andrew, Cortázar Daniel, Suzuki Yuka, Schulz Reiner, Schär Primo, Beck Stephan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford University Press 2012-07-01
• Series: GigaScience
• Subjects: Methylome; MeDIP-seq; Epigenetics; Epigenomics; DNA methylation; Computational pipeline; MeDUSA
• Online Access: http://www.gigasciencejournal.com/content/1/1/3

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) is a popular enrichment based method and can be combined with sequencing (termed MeDIP-seq) to interrogate the methylation status of cytosines across entire genomes. However, quality control and analysis of MeDIP-seq data have remained to be a challenge.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We report genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of wild type (wt) and mutant mouse cells, comprising 3 biological replicates of Thymine DNA glycosylase (<it>Tdg</it>) knockout (KO) embryonic stem cells (ESCs), <it>in vitro</it> differentiated neural precursor cells (NPCs) and embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The resulting 18 methylomes were analysed with MeDUSA (Methylated DNA Utility for Sequence Analysis), a novel MeDIP-seq computational analysis pipeline for the identification of differentially methylated regions (DMRs). The observed increase of hypermethylation in MEF promoter-associated CpG islands supports a previously proposed role for <it>Tdg</it> in the protection of regulatory regions from epigenetic silencing. Further analysis of genes and regions associated with the DMRs by gene ontology, pathway, and ChIP analyses revealed further insights into <it>Tdg</it> function, including an association of TDG with low-methylated distal regulatory regions.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We demonstrate that MeDUSA is able to detect both large-scale changes between cells from different stages of differentiation and also small but significant changes between the methylomes of cells that only differ in the KO of a single gene. These changes were validated utilising publicly available datasets and confirm <it>TDG's</it> function in the protection of regulatory regions from epigenetic silencing.</p>