Summary: | Starting from an experiment of participating observation which consisted in working as worker then to integrate the offices of the direction in an industrial slaughterhouse, the author studies the cognitive effects of the transgression of an order established in the company: workers with the workers and managers with the managers. The described situations of rupture with the uses of the social sphere make it possible to think of the ways of being identified according to circumstances, the shapes of « instrumentalisation » of the researcher on his field, with the ways in which confidence is acquired, is maintained or lost in a conflict environment (according to which specific criteria to each group are us accepted, co-opted or excluded?). Finally, the transverse way and the transgressive play that it suggests take part in the training of the systems of reference not shared in the same organization.
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