New contributions to two ciliate genera (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) based on morphological and molecular analyses, with description of a new Gruberia species
Abstract Background Heterotrichous ciliates are common members of microeukaryote communities which play important roles in both the transfer of material and the flow of energy in aquatic food webs. This group has been known for over two centuries due to their large body size and cosmopolitan distrib...
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doaj-2e5ae667c79e4c7c8e39e4965669ee1c2020-11-25T03:57:21ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802020-10-0120111710.1186/s12866-020-01879-4New contributions to two ciliate genera (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) based on morphological and molecular analyses, with description of a new Gruberia speciesYong Chi0Yuqing Li1Qianqian Zhang2Mingzhen Ma3Alan Warren4Xiangrui Chen5Weibo Song6Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of ChinaInstitute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of ChinaYantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of ChinaDepartment of Life Sciences, Natural History MuseumSchool of Marine Sciences, Ningbo UniversityInstitute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of ChinaAbstract Background Heterotrichous ciliates are common members of microeukaryote communities which play important roles in both the transfer of material and the flow of energy in aquatic food webs. This group has been known for over two centuries due to their large body size and cosmopolitan distribution. Nevertheless, species identification and phylogenetic relationships of heterotrichs remain challenging due to the lack of accurate morphological information and insufficient molecular data. Results The morphology and phylogeny of two heterotrichous ciliates, namely Gruberia foissneri spec. nov. and Linostomella vorticella (Ehrenberg, 1833) Aescht in Foissner et al., 1999, were studied using rigorous methods (living morphology, stained preparations, and small subunit rDNA sequence data). Gruberia foissneri spec. nov. is morphologically very similar to G. uninucleata Kahl, 1932, however, it can be distinguished from the latter by having more ciliary rows (about 32 vs. about 20) and macronuclear shape (sausage-shaped vs. ellipsoid). Based on a combination of previous and present studies, an improved diagnosis of L. vorticella is supplied and several taxonomic anomalies are clarified. In addition, phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data support the generic assignment of these two species. Conclusions Modern ciliate taxonomy should be performed by means of detailed living observation, stained preparations and molecular information. For those species that have been reported in previous studies, it is necessary to provide as much useful information as possible using state-of-the-art methods in order to resolve taxonomic anomalies.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-020-01879-4HeterotrichsMorphologyPhylogenySSU rDNA |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yong Chi Yuqing Li Qianqian Zhang Mingzhen Ma Alan Warren Xiangrui Chen Weibo Song |
spellingShingle |
Yong Chi Yuqing Li Qianqian Zhang Mingzhen Ma Alan Warren Xiangrui Chen Weibo Song New contributions to two ciliate genera (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) based on morphological and molecular analyses, with description of a new Gruberia species BMC Microbiology Heterotrichs Morphology Phylogeny SSU rDNA |
author_facet |
Yong Chi Yuqing Li Qianqian Zhang Mingzhen Ma Alan Warren Xiangrui Chen Weibo Song |
author_sort |
Yong Chi |
title |
New contributions to two ciliate genera (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) based on morphological and molecular analyses, with description of a new Gruberia species |
title_short |
New contributions to two ciliate genera (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) based on morphological and molecular analyses, with description of a new Gruberia species |
title_full |
New contributions to two ciliate genera (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) based on morphological and molecular analyses, with description of a new Gruberia species |
title_fullStr |
New contributions to two ciliate genera (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) based on morphological and molecular analyses, with description of a new Gruberia species |
title_full_unstemmed |
New contributions to two ciliate genera (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) based on morphological and molecular analyses, with description of a new Gruberia species |
title_sort |
new contributions to two ciliate genera (ciliophora, heterotrichea) based on morphological and molecular analyses, with description of a new gruberia species |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Microbiology |
issn |
1471-2180 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Heterotrichous ciliates are common members of microeukaryote communities which play important roles in both the transfer of material and the flow of energy in aquatic food webs. This group has been known for over two centuries due to their large body size and cosmopolitan distribution. Nevertheless, species identification and phylogenetic relationships of heterotrichs remain challenging due to the lack of accurate morphological information and insufficient molecular data. Results The morphology and phylogeny of two heterotrichous ciliates, namely Gruberia foissneri spec. nov. and Linostomella vorticella (Ehrenberg, 1833) Aescht in Foissner et al., 1999, were studied using rigorous methods (living morphology, stained preparations, and small subunit rDNA sequence data). Gruberia foissneri spec. nov. is morphologically very similar to G. uninucleata Kahl, 1932, however, it can be distinguished from the latter by having more ciliary rows (about 32 vs. about 20) and macronuclear shape (sausage-shaped vs. ellipsoid). Based on a combination of previous and present studies, an improved diagnosis of L. vorticella is supplied and several taxonomic anomalies are clarified. In addition, phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data support the generic assignment of these two species. Conclusions Modern ciliate taxonomy should be performed by means of detailed living observation, stained preparations and molecular information. For those species that have been reported in previous studies, it is necessary to provide as much useful information as possible using state-of-the-art methods in order to resolve taxonomic anomalies. |
topic |
Heterotrichs Morphology Phylogeny SSU rDNA |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-020-01879-4 |
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