Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios
Global climate change originates frequent floods that may cause severe damage, justifying the need for real-time remote monitoring and alerting systems. Several works deal with LoRa (Long Range) communications over land and in the presence of obstacles, but little is known about LoRa communication r...
Main Authors: | , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-07-01
|
Series: | Sensors |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/4034 |
id |
doaj-2e6bc441b13646ae8c6ad96c27a028df |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-2e6bc441b13646ae8c6ad96c27a028df2020-11-25T03:47:50ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-07-01204034403410.3390/s20144034Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention ScenariosJosé Cecílio0Pedro M. Ferreira1António Casimiro2LASIGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalLASIGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalLASIGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalGlobal climate change originates frequent floods that may cause severe damage, justifying the need for real-time remote monitoring and alerting systems. Several works deal with LoRa (Long Range) communications over land and in the presence of obstacles, but little is known about LoRa communication reliability over water, as it may happen in real flooding scenarios. One aspect that is known to influence the communication quality is the height at which nodes are placed. However, its impact in water environments is unknown. This is an important aspect that may influence the location of sensor nodes and the network topology. To fill this gap, we conducted several experiments using a real LoRa deployment to evaluate several features related to data communication. We considered two deployment scenarios corresponding to countryside and estuary environments. The nodes were placed at low heights, communicating, respectively, over the ground and over the water. Measurements for packet loss, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and round-trip time (RTT) were collected during a period of several weeks. Results for both scenarios are presented and compared in this paper. One important conclusion is that the communication distance and reliability are significantly affected by tides when the communication is done over the water and nodes are placed at low heights. Based on the RTT measurements and on the characteristics of the hardware, we also derive a battery lifetime estimation model that may be helpful for the definition of an adequate maintenance plan.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/4034LoRa technologyflood preventionperformance evaluation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
José Cecílio Pedro M. Ferreira António Casimiro |
spellingShingle |
José Cecílio Pedro M. Ferreira António Casimiro Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios Sensors LoRa technology flood prevention performance evaluation |
author_facet |
José Cecílio Pedro M. Ferreira António Casimiro |
author_sort |
José Cecílio |
title |
Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios |
title_short |
Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios |
title_full |
Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of LoRa Technology in Flooding Prevention Scenarios |
title_sort |
evaluation of lora technology in flooding prevention scenarios |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sensors |
issn |
1424-8220 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Global climate change originates frequent floods that may cause severe damage, justifying the need for real-time remote monitoring and alerting systems. Several works deal with LoRa (Long Range) communications over land and in the presence of obstacles, but little is known about LoRa communication reliability over water, as it may happen in real flooding scenarios. One aspect that is known to influence the communication quality is the height at which nodes are placed. However, its impact in water environments is unknown. This is an important aspect that may influence the location of sensor nodes and the network topology. To fill this gap, we conducted several experiments using a real LoRa deployment to evaluate several features related to data communication. We considered two deployment scenarios corresponding to countryside and estuary environments. The nodes were placed at low heights, communicating, respectively, over the ground and over the water. Measurements for packet loss, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and round-trip time (RTT) were collected during a period of several weeks. Results for both scenarios are presented and compared in this paper. One important conclusion is that the communication distance and reliability are significantly affected by tides when the communication is done over the water and nodes are placed at low heights. Based on the RTT measurements and on the characteristics of the hardware, we also derive a battery lifetime estimation model that may be helpful for the definition of an adequate maintenance plan. |
topic |
LoRa technology flood prevention performance evaluation |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/4034 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT josececilio evaluationofloratechnologyinfloodingpreventionscenarios AT pedromferreira evaluationofloratechnologyinfloodingpreventionscenarios AT antoniocasimiro evaluationofloratechnologyinfloodingpreventionscenarios |
_version_ |
1724501789994123264 |