RET inhibition in novel patient-derived models of RET fusion- positive lung adenocarcinoma reveals a role for MYC upregulation
Multi-kinase RET inhibitors, such as cabozantinib and RXDX-105, are active in lung cancer patients with RET fusions; however, the overall response rates to these two drugs are unsatisfactory compared to other targeted therapy paradigms. Moreover, these inhibitors may have different efficacies agains...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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The Company of Biologists
2021-02-01
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Series: | Disease Models & Mechanisms |
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Online Access: | http://dmm.biologists.org/content/14/2/dmm047779 |
id |
doaj-2e7e848718f248f5b1b70bad579df39d |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Takuo Hayashi Igor Odintsov Roger S. Smith Kota Ishizawa Allan J. W. Liu Lukas Delasos Christopher Kurzatkowski Huichun Tai Eric Gladstone Morana Vojnic Shinji Kohsaka Ken Suzawa Zebing Liu Siddharth Kunte Marissa S. Mattar Inna Khodos Monika A. Davare Alexander Drilon Emily Cheng Elisa de Stanchina Marc Ladanyi Romel Somwar |
spellingShingle |
Takuo Hayashi Igor Odintsov Roger S. Smith Kota Ishizawa Allan J. W. Liu Lukas Delasos Christopher Kurzatkowski Huichun Tai Eric Gladstone Morana Vojnic Shinji Kohsaka Ken Suzawa Zebing Liu Siddharth Kunte Marissa S. Mattar Inna Khodos Monika A. Davare Alexander Drilon Emily Cheng Elisa de Stanchina Marc Ladanyi Romel Somwar RET inhibition in novel patient-derived models of RET fusion- positive lung adenocarcinoma reveals a role for MYC upregulation Disease Models & Mechanisms ret fusion pdx myc ret inhibitor transcriptome profiling nsclc |
author_facet |
Takuo Hayashi Igor Odintsov Roger S. Smith Kota Ishizawa Allan J. W. Liu Lukas Delasos Christopher Kurzatkowski Huichun Tai Eric Gladstone Morana Vojnic Shinji Kohsaka Ken Suzawa Zebing Liu Siddharth Kunte Marissa S. Mattar Inna Khodos Monika A. Davare Alexander Drilon Emily Cheng Elisa de Stanchina Marc Ladanyi Romel Somwar |
author_sort |
Takuo Hayashi |
title |
RET inhibition in novel patient-derived models of RET fusion- positive lung adenocarcinoma reveals a role for MYC upregulation |
title_short |
RET inhibition in novel patient-derived models of RET fusion- positive lung adenocarcinoma reveals a role for MYC upregulation |
title_full |
RET inhibition in novel patient-derived models of RET fusion- positive lung adenocarcinoma reveals a role for MYC upregulation |
title_fullStr |
RET inhibition in novel patient-derived models of RET fusion- positive lung adenocarcinoma reveals a role for MYC upregulation |
title_full_unstemmed |
RET inhibition in novel patient-derived models of RET fusion- positive lung adenocarcinoma reveals a role for MYC upregulation |
title_sort |
ret inhibition in novel patient-derived models of ret fusion- positive lung adenocarcinoma reveals a role for myc upregulation |
publisher |
The Company of Biologists |
series |
Disease Models & Mechanisms |
issn |
1754-8403 1754-8411 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
Multi-kinase RET inhibitors, such as cabozantinib and RXDX-105, are active in lung cancer patients with RET fusions; however, the overall response rates to these two drugs are unsatisfactory compared to other targeted therapy paradigms. Moreover, these inhibitors may have different efficacies against RET rearrangements depending on the upstream fusion partner. A comprehensive preclinical analysis of the efficacy of RET inhibitors is lacking due to a paucity of disease models harboring RET rearrangements. Here, we generated two new patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, one new patient-derived cell line, one PDX-derived cell line, and several isogenic cell lines with RET fusions. Using these models, we re-examined the efficacy and mechanism of action of cabozantinib and found that this RET inhibitor was effective at blocking growth of cell lines, activating caspase 3/7 and inhibiting activation of ERK and AKT. Cabozantinib treatment of mice bearing RET fusion-positive cell line xenografts and two PDXs significantly reduced tumor proliferation without adverse toxicity. Moreover, cabozantinib was effective at reducing growth of a lung cancer PDX that was not responsive to RXDX-105. Transcriptomic analysis of lung tumors and cell lines with RET alterations showed activation of a MYC signature and this was suppressed by treatment of cell lines with cabozantinib. MYC protein levels were rapidly depleted following cabozantinib treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that cabozantinib is an effective agent in preclinical models harboring RET rearrangements with three different 5′ fusion partners (CCDC6, KIF5B and TRIM33). Notably, we identify MYC as a protein that is upregulated by RET expression and downregulated by treatment with cabozantinib, opening up potentially new therapeutic avenues for the combinatorial targetin of RET fusion- driven lung cancers. The novel RET fusion-dependent preclinical models described here represent valuable tools for further refinement of current therapies and the evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies. |
topic |
ret fusion pdx myc ret inhibitor transcriptome profiling nsclc |
url |
http://dmm.biologists.org/content/14/2/dmm047779 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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doaj-2e7e848718f248f5b1b70bad579df39d2021-03-10T18:19:53ZengThe Company of BiologistsDisease Models & Mechanisms1754-84031754-84112021-02-0114210.1242/dmm.047779047779RET inhibition in novel patient-derived models of RET fusion- positive lung adenocarcinoma reveals a role for MYC upregulationTakuo Hayashi0Igor Odintsov1Roger S. Smith2Kota Ishizawa3Allan J. W. Liu4Lukas Delasos5Christopher Kurzatkowski6Huichun Tai7Eric Gladstone8Morana Vojnic9Shinji Kohsaka10Ken Suzawa11Zebing Liu12Siddharth Kunte13Marissa S. Mattar14Inna Khodos15Monika A. Davare16Alexander Drilon17Emily Cheng18Elisa de Stanchina19Marc Ladanyi20Romel Somwar21 Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Antitumor Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Antitumor Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Multi-kinase RET inhibitors, such as cabozantinib and RXDX-105, are active in lung cancer patients with RET fusions; however, the overall response rates to these two drugs are unsatisfactory compared to other targeted therapy paradigms. Moreover, these inhibitors may have different efficacies against RET rearrangements depending on the upstream fusion partner. A comprehensive preclinical analysis of the efficacy of RET inhibitors is lacking due to a paucity of disease models harboring RET rearrangements. Here, we generated two new patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, one new patient-derived cell line, one PDX-derived cell line, and several isogenic cell lines with RET fusions. Using these models, we re-examined the efficacy and mechanism of action of cabozantinib and found that this RET inhibitor was effective at blocking growth of cell lines, activating caspase 3/7 and inhibiting activation of ERK and AKT. Cabozantinib treatment of mice bearing RET fusion-positive cell line xenografts and two PDXs significantly reduced tumor proliferation without adverse toxicity. Moreover, cabozantinib was effective at reducing growth of a lung cancer PDX that was not responsive to RXDX-105. Transcriptomic analysis of lung tumors and cell lines with RET alterations showed activation of a MYC signature and this was suppressed by treatment of cell lines with cabozantinib. MYC protein levels were rapidly depleted following cabozantinib treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that cabozantinib is an effective agent in preclinical models harboring RET rearrangements with three different 5′ fusion partners (CCDC6, KIF5B and TRIM33). Notably, we identify MYC as a protein that is upregulated by RET expression and downregulated by treatment with cabozantinib, opening up potentially new therapeutic avenues for the combinatorial targetin of RET fusion- driven lung cancers. The novel RET fusion-dependent preclinical models described here represent valuable tools for further refinement of current therapies and the evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies.http://dmm.biologists.org/content/14/2/dmm047779ret fusion pdxmycret inhibitortranscriptome profilingnsclc |