A global phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the host species and geography dependent features present in the evolution of avian H9N2 influenza hemagglutinin
A complete phylogenetic analysis of all of the H9N2 hemagglutinin sequences that were collected between 1966 and 2012 was carried out in order to build a picture of the geographical and host specific evolution of the hemagglutinin protein. To improve the quality and applicability of the output data...
Main Authors: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
PeerJ Inc.
2014-10-01
|
Series: | PeerJ |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/655.pdf |
id |
doaj-2e83deca6e6f42479a8eb1625718d4ab |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-2e83deca6e6f42479a8eb1625718d4ab2020-11-25T00:22:33ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592014-10-012e65510.7717/peerj.655655A global phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the host species and geography dependent features present in the evolution of avian H9N2 influenza hemagglutininAndrew R. Dalby0Munir Iqbal1Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, Westminster, UKAvian Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Newbury, Berkshire, UKA complete phylogenetic analysis of all of the H9N2 hemagglutinin sequences that were collected between 1966 and 2012 was carried out in order to build a picture of the geographical and host specific evolution of the hemagglutinin protein. To improve the quality and applicability of the output data the sequences were divided into subsets based upon location and host species.The phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin reveals that the protein has distinct lineages between China and the Middle East, and that wild birds in both regions retain a distinct form of the H9 molecule, from the same lineage as the ancestral hemagglutinin. The results add further evidence to the hypothesis that the current predominant H9N2 hemagglutinin lineage might have originated in Southern China. The study also shows that there are sampling problems that affect the reliability of this and any similar analysis. This raises questions about the surveillance of H9N2 and the need for wider sampling of the virus in the environment.The results of this analysis are also consistent with a model where hemagglutinin has predominantly evolved by neutral drift punctuated by occasional selection events. These selective events have produced the current pattern of distinct lineages in the Middle East, Korea and China. This interpretation is in agreement with existing studies that have shown that there is widespread intra-country sequence evolution.https://peerj.com/articles/655.pdfH9N2Avian influenzaHemagglutininPhylogeneticsGeographyHost species |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Andrew R. Dalby Munir Iqbal |
spellingShingle |
Andrew R. Dalby Munir Iqbal A global phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the host species and geography dependent features present in the evolution of avian H9N2 influenza hemagglutinin PeerJ H9N2 Avian influenza Hemagglutinin Phylogenetics Geography Host species |
author_facet |
Andrew R. Dalby Munir Iqbal |
author_sort |
Andrew R. Dalby |
title |
A global phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the host species and geography dependent features present in the evolution of avian H9N2 influenza hemagglutinin |
title_short |
A global phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the host species and geography dependent features present in the evolution of avian H9N2 influenza hemagglutinin |
title_full |
A global phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the host species and geography dependent features present in the evolution of avian H9N2 influenza hemagglutinin |
title_fullStr |
A global phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the host species and geography dependent features present in the evolution of avian H9N2 influenza hemagglutinin |
title_full_unstemmed |
A global phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the host species and geography dependent features present in the evolution of avian H9N2 influenza hemagglutinin |
title_sort |
global phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the host species and geography dependent features present in the evolution of avian h9n2 influenza hemagglutinin |
publisher |
PeerJ Inc. |
series |
PeerJ |
issn |
2167-8359 |
publishDate |
2014-10-01 |
description |
A complete phylogenetic analysis of all of the H9N2 hemagglutinin sequences that were collected between 1966 and 2012 was carried out in order to build a picture of the geographical and host specific evolution of the hemagglutinin protein. To improve the quality and applicability of the output data the sequences were divided into subsets based upon location and host species.The phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin reveals that the protein has distinct lineages between China and the Middle East, and that wild birds in both regions retain a distinct form of the H9 molecule, from the same lineage as the ancestral hemagglutinin. The results add further evidence to the hypothesis that the current predominant H9N2 hemagglutinin lineage might have originated in Southern China. The study also shows that there are sampling problems that affect the reliability of this and any similar analysis. This raises questions about the surveillance of H9N2 and the need for wider sampling of the virus in the environment.The results of this analysis are also consistent with a model where hemagglutinin has predominantly evolved by neutral drift punctuated by occasional selection events. These selective events have produced the current pattern of distinct lineages in the Middle East, Korea and China. This interpretation is in agreement with existing studies that have shown that there is widespread intra-country sequence evolution. |
topic |
H9N2 Avian influenza Hemagglutinin Phylogenetics Geography Host species |
url |
https://peerj.com/articles/655.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT andrewrdalby aglobalphylogeneticanalysisinordertodeterminethehostspeciesandgeographydependentfeaturespresentintheevolutionofavianh9n2influenzahemagglutinin AT muniriqbal aglobalphylogeneticanalysisinordertodeterminethehostspeciesandgeographydependentfeaturespresentintheevolutionofavianh9n2influenzahemagglutinin AT andrewrdalby globalphylogeneticanalysisinordertodeterminethehostspeciesandgeographydependentfeaturespresentintheevolutionofavianh9n2influenzahemagglutinin AT muniriqbal globalphylogeneticanalysisinordertodeterminethehostspeciesandgeographydependentfeaturespresentintheevolutionofavianh9n2influenzahemagglutinin |
_version_ |
1725359338460020736 |