Tropomyosins: Potential Biomarkers for Urothelial Bladder Cancer
Despite the incidence and prevalence of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC), few advances in treatment and diagnosis have been made in recent years. In this review, we discuss potential biomarker candidates: the tropomyosin family of genes, encoded by four loci in the human genome. The expression of the...
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doaj-2ea56a26a0e349d59305a98d006fb3342020-11-24T21:37:15ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-03-01205110210.3390/ijms20051102ijms20051102Tropomyosins: Potential Biomarkers for Urothelial Bladder CancerNada Humayun-Zakaria0Roland Arnold1Anshita Goel2Douglas Ward3Stuart Savill4Richard T. Bryan5Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKInstitute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKInstitute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKInstitute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKNorth Wales Clinical Research Centre, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wrexham LL13 7YP, UKInstitute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKDespite the incidence and prevalence of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC), few advances in treatment and diagnosis have been made in recent years. In this review, we discuss potential biomarker candidates: the tropomyosin family of genes, encoded by four loci in the human genome. The expression of these genes is tissue-specific. Tropomyosins are responsible for diverse cellular roles, most notably based upon their interplay with actin to maintain cellular processes, integrity and structure. Tropomyosins exhibit a large variety of splice forms, and altered isoform expression levels have been associated with cancer, including UBC. Notably, tropomyosin isoforms are detectable in urine, offering the potential for non-invasive diagnosis and risk-stratification. This review collates the basic knowledge on tropomyosin and its isoforms, and discusses their relationships with cancer-related phenomena, most specifically in UBC.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/5/1102tropomyosinTPMurothelial bladder cancerNMIBC |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nada Humayun-Zakaria Roland Arnold Anshita Goel Douglas Ward Stuart Savill Richard T. Bryan |
spellingShingle |
Nada Humayun-Zakaria Roland Arnold Anshita Goel Douglas Ward Stuart Savill Richard T. Bryan Tropomyosins: Potential Biomarkers for Urothelial Bladder Cancer International Journal of Molecular Sciences tropomyosin TPM urothelial bladder cancer NMIBC |
author_facet |
Nada Humayun-Zakaria Roland Arnold Anshita Goel Douglas Ward Stuart Savill Richard T. Bryan |
author_sort |
Nada Humayun-Zakaria |
title |
Tropomyosins: Potential Biomarkers for Urothelial Bladder Cancer |
title_short |
Tropomyosins: Potential Biomarkers for Urothelial Bladder Cancer |
title_full |
Tropomyosins: Potential Biomarkers for Urothelial Bladder Cancer |
title_fullStr |
Tropomyosins: Potential Biomarkers for Urothelial Bladder Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tropomyosins: Potential Biomarkers for Urothelial Bladder Cancer |
title_sort |
tropomyosins: potential biomarkers for urothelial bladder cancer |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2019-03-01 |
description |
Despite the incidence and prevalence of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC), few advances in treatment and diagnosis have been made in recent years. In this review, we discuss potential biomarker candidates: the tropomyosin family of genes, encoded by four loci in the human genome. The expression of these genes is tissue-specific. Tropomyosins are responsible for diverse cellular roles, most notably based upon their interplay with actin to maintain cellular processes, integrity and structure. Tropomyosins exhibit a large variety of splice forms, and altered isoform expression levels have been associated with cancer, including UBC. Notably, tropomyosin isoforms are detectable in urine, offering the potential for non-invasive diagnosis and risk-stratification. This review collates the basic knowledge on tropomyosin and its isoforms, and discusses their relationships with cancer-related phenomena, most specifically in UBC. |
topic |
tropomyosin TPM urothelial bladder cancer NMIBC |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/5/1102 |
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