The Financial Burden of Cancer on Families in the United States
This study examined the relationship between a diagnosis of cancer and the likelihood of having any out-of-pocket costs (OOPC) and medical debt, and the amounts of OOPC and medical debt, at the household level. We used the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a continuous, representative panel surve...
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doaj-2ed21419d2ba42258d213b2e4c7bdd702021-04-05T23:02:03ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012021-04-01183790379010.3390/ijerph18073790The Financial Burden of Cancer on Families in the United StatesPatrick Richard0Nilam Patel1Yuan-Chiao Lu2Regine Walker3Mustafa Younis4Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USAThe Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USAThe Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USAThe Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USADepartment of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USAThis study examined the relationship between a diagnosis of cancer and the likelihood of having any out-of-pocket costs (OOPC) and medical debt, and the amounts of OOPC and medical debt, at the household level. We used the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a continuous, representative panel survey that collects demographic, economic, and social data in the United States. The analytic sample included head of households and their spouse (if married), 18–64 years old. Two-part models were used. The first part consisted of logistic regression models and the second part consisted of generalized linear models with logarithmic link and a gamma distribution. Logistic regression results showed odds of 2.13 (CI: 1.27, 3.57, <i>p</i> < 0.01) for any OOPC and odds of 1.55 (CI: 0.93, 2.58, <i>p</i> < 0.1) for any medical debt for households in which either the head or spouse (if married) reported a diagnosis of cancer compared to those that did not report a diagnosis of cancer. Likewise, results from the second part of the model for households with a positive amount of OOPC showed an exponentiated coefficient of 1.73 (CI: 1.33, 2.25, <i>p</i> < 0.01) for households in which either the head or spouse (if married) reported a diagnosis of cancer compared to households without a diagnosis of cancer. This study shows that a diagnosis of cancer places a financial burden on families, particularly with all types of debt, in the United States even after controlling for differences between households with a diagnosis of cancer and those without a diagnosis of cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/7/3790cancermedical debtout of pocket costspanel study of income dynamics |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Patrick Richard Nilam Patel Yuan-Chiao Lu Regine Walker Mustafa Younis |
spellingShingle |
Patrick Richard Nilam Patel Yuan-Chiao Lu Regine Walker Mustafa Younis The Financial Burden of Cancer on Families in the United States International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health cancer medical debt out of pocket costs panel study of income dynamics |
author_facet |
Patrick Richard Nilam Patel Yuan-Chiao Lu Regine Walker Mustafa Younis |
author_sort |
Patrick Richard |
title |
The Financial Burden of Cancer on Families in the United States |
title_short |
The Financial Burden of Cancer on Families in the United States |
title_full |
The Financial Burden of Cancer on Families in the United States |
title_fullStr |
The Financial Burden of Cancer on Families in the United States |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Financial Burden of Cancer on Families in the United States |
title_sort |
financial burden of cancer on families in the united states |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1661-7827 1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
This study examined the relationship between a diagnosis of cancer and the likelihood of having any out-of-pocket costs (OOPC) and medical debt, and the amounts of OOPC and medical debt, at the household level. We used the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a continuous, representative panel survey that collects demographic, economic, and social data in the United States. The analytic sample included head of households and their spouse (if married), 18–64 years old. Two-part models were used. The first part consisted of logistic regression models and the second part consisted of generalized linear models with logarithmic link and a gamma distribution. Logistic regression results showed odds of 2.13 (CI: 1.27, 3.57, <i>p</i> < 0.01) for any OOPC and odds of 1.55 (CI: 0.93, 2.58, <i>p</i> < 0.1) for any medical debt for households in which either the head or spouse (if married) reported a diagnosis of cancer compared to those that did not report a diagnosis of cancer. Likewise, results from the second part of the model for households with a positive amount of OOPC showed an exponentiated coefficient of 1.73 (CI: 1.33, 2.25, <i>p</i> < 0.01) for households in which either the head or spouse (if married) reported a diagnosis of cancer compared to households without a diagnosis of cancer. This study shows that a diagnosis of cancer places a financial burden on families, particularly with all types of debt, in the United States even after controlling for differences between households with a diagnosis of cancer and those without a diagnosis of cancer. |
topic |
cancer medical debt out of pocket costs panel study of income dynamics |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/7/3790 |
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