High frequency of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>chloroquine resistance marker (<it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation) in Yemen: An urgent need to re-examine malaria drug policy
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Malaria remains a significant health problem in Yemen with <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>being the predominant species which is responsible for 90% of the malaria cases. Despite serious concerns regarding increasing drug...
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doaj-2f0b26c299b44ff1a24e7512d1ccc22e2020-11-24T22:23:23ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052011-05-01419410.1186/1756-3305-4-94High frequency of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>chloroquine resistance marker (<it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation) in Yemen: An urgent need to re-examine malaria drug policyAl-Mekhlafi Hesham MMahdy Mohammed AKAl-Mekhlafi Abdulsalam MAzazy Ahmed AFong Mun<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Malaria remains a significant health problem in Yemen with <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>being the predominant species which is responsible for 90% of the malaria cases. Despite serious concerns regarding increasing drug resistance, chloroquine is still used for the prevention and treatment of malaria in Yemen. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of choloroquine resistance (CQR) of <it>P. falciparum </it>isolated from Yemen based on the <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional study was carried out among 511 participants from four governorates in Yemen. Blood samples were screened using microscopic and species-specific nested PCR based on the 18S rRNA gene to detect and identify <it>Plasmodium </it>species. Blood samples positive for <it>P. falciparum </it>were used for detecting the <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation using nested-PCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence of <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation was 81.5% (66 of 81 isolates). Coastal areas/foothills had higher prevalence of <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation compared to highland areas (90.5% <it>vs </it>71.8%) (p = 0.031). The <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation had a significant association with parasitaemia (p = 0.045). Univariate analysis shows a significant association of <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation with people aged > 10 years (OR = 9, 95% CI = 2.3 - 36.2, p = 0.001), low household income (OR = 5, 95% CI = 1.3 - 19.5, p = 0.027), no insecticide spray (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.16 - 11.86, p = 0.025) and not sleeping under insecticide treated nets (ITNs) (OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.38 - 16.78, p = 0.01). Logistic regression model confirmed age > 10 years and low household income as predictors of <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation in Yemen <it>P. falciparum </it>isolates.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The high prevalence of <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation in Yemen could be a predictive marker for the prevalence of <it>P. falciparum </it>CQR. This finding shows the necessity for an in-vivo therapeutic efficacy test for CQ.<it> P. falciparum </it>CQR should be addressed in the national strategy to control malaria.</p> http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/4/1/94 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M Mahdy Mohammed AK Al-Mekhlafi Abdulsalam M Azazy Ahmed A Fong Mun |
spellingShingle |
Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M Mahdy Mohammed AK Al-Mekhlafi Abdulsalam M Azazy Ahmed A Fong Mun High frequency of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>chloroquine resistance marker (<it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation) in Yemen: An urgent need to re-examine malaria drug policy Parasites & Vectors |
author_facet |
Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M Mahdy Mohammed AK Al-Mekhlafi Abdulsalam M Azazy Ahmed A Fong Mun |
author_sort |
Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M |
title |
High frequency of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>chloroquine resistance marker (<it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation) in Yemen: An urgent need to re-examine malaria drug policy |
title_short |
High frequency of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>chloroquine resistance marker (<it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation) in Yemen: An urgent need to re-examine malaria drug policy |
title_full |
High frequency of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>chloroquine resistance marker (<it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation) in Yemen: An urgent need to re-examine malaria drug policy |
title_fullStr |
High frequency of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>chloroquine resistance marker (<it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation) in Yemen: An urgent need to re-examine malaria drug policy |
title_full_unstemmed |
High frequency of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>chloroquine resistance marker (<it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation) in Yemen: An urgent need to re-examine malaria drug policy |
title_sort |
high frequency of <it>plasmodium falciparum </it>chloroquine resistance marker (<it>pfcrt </it>t76 mutation) in yemen: an urgent need to re-examine malaria drug policy |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Parasites & Vectors |
issn |
1756-3305 |
publishDate |
2011-05-01 |
description |
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Malaria remains a significant health problem in Yemen with <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>being the predominant species which is responsible for 90% of the malaria cases. Despite serious concerns regarding increasing drug resistance, chloroquine is still used for the prevention and treatment of malaria in Yemen. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of choloroquine resistance (CQR) of <it>P. falciparum </it>isolated from Yemen based on the <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional study was carried out among 511 participants from four governorates in Yemen. Blood samples were screened using microscopic and species-specific nested PCR based on the 18S rRNA gene to detect and identify <it>Plasmodium </it>species. Blood samples positive for <it>P. falciparum </it>were used for detecting the <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation using nested-PCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence of <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation was 81.5% (66 of 81 isolates). Coastal areas/foothills had higher prevalence of <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation compared to highland areas (90.5% <it>vs </it>71.8%) (p = 0.031). The <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation had a significant association with parasitaemia (p = 0.045). Univariate analysis shows a significant association of <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation with people aged > 10 years (OR = 9, 95% CI = 2.3 - 36.2, p = 0.001), low household income (OR = 5, 95% CI = 1.3 - 19.5, p = 0.027), no insecticide spray (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.16 - 11.86, p = 0.025) and not sleeping under insecticide treated nets (ITNs) (OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.38 - 16.78, p = 0.01). Logistic regression model confirmed age > 10 years and low household income as predictors of <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation in Yemen <it>P. falciparum </it>isolates.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The high prevalence of <it>pfcrt </it>T76 mutation in Yemen could be a predictive marker for the prevalence of <it>P. falciparum </it>CQR. This finding shows the necessity for an in-vivo therapeutic efficacy test for CQ.<it> P. falciparum </it>CQR should be addressed in the national strategy to control malaria.</p> |
url |
http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/4/1/94 |
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