SARS-CoV-2 meta-interactome suggests disease-specific, autoimmune pathophysiologies and therapeutic targets [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

• Main Authors: Gianmarco Bellucci, Chiara Ballerini, Rosella Mechelli, Rachele Bigi, Virginia Rinaldi, Roberta Reniè, Maria Chiara Buscarinu, Sergio E. Baranzini, Lohith Madireddy, Giuseppe Matarese, Marco Salvetti, Giovanni Ristori
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: F1000 Research Ltd 2020-08-01
• Series: F1000Research
• Online Access: https://f1000research.com/articles/9-992/v1

Background: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with multiple comorbidities and is characterized by an auto-aggressive inflammatory state leading to massive collateral damage. To identify preventive and therapeutic strategies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is important to ascertain the molecular interactions between virus and host, and how they translate into disease pathophysiology. Methods: We matched virus-human protein interactions of human coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses with lists of genes associated with autoimmune diseases and comorbidities associated to worse COVID-19 course. We then selected the genes included in the statistically significant intersection between SARS-CoV-2 network and disease associated gene sets, identifying a meta-interactome. We analyzed the meta-interactome genes expression in samples derived from lungs of infected humans, and their regulation by IFN-β. Finally, we performed a drug repurposing screening to target the network’s most critical nodes. Results: We found a significant enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 interactors in immunological pathways and a strong association with autoimmunity and three prognostically relevant conditions (type 2 diabetes, coronary artery diseases, asthma), that present more independent physiopathological subnetworks. We observed a reduced expression of meta-interactome genes in human lungs after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a regulatory potential of type I interferons. We also underscored multiple repurposable drugs to tailor the therapeutic strategies. Conclusions: Our data underscored a plausible genetic background that may contribute to the distinct observed pathophysiologies of severe COVID-19. Also, these results may help identify the most promising therapeutic targets and treatments for this condition.