The life cycle of platelet granules [version 1; referees: 2 approved]
Platelet granules are unique among secretory vesicles in both their content and their life cycle. Platelets contain three major granule types—dense granules, α-granules, and lysosomes—although other granule types have been reported. Dense granules and α-granules are the most well-studied and the mos...
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doaj-2f3a43d2cc20422ea5bc4447adac7f8c2020-11-25T03:49:13ZengF1000 Research LtdF1000Research2046-14022018-02-01710.12688/f1000research.13283.114415The life cycle of platelet granules [version 1; referees: 2 approved]Anish Sharda0Robert Flaumenhaft1Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USADivision of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USAPlatelet granules are unique among secretory vesicles in both their content and their life cycle. Platelets contain three major granule types—dense granules, α-granules, and lysosomes—although other granule types have been reported. Dense granules and α-granules are the most well-studied and the most physiologically important. Platelet granules are formed in large, multilobulated cells, termed megakaryocytes, prior to transport into platelets. The biogenesis of dense granules and α-granules involves common but also distinct pathways. Both are formed from the trans-Golgi network and early endosomes and mature in multivesicular bodies, but the formation of dense granules requires trafficking machinery different from that of α-granules. Following formation in the megakaryocyte body, both granule types are transported through and mature in long proplatelet extensions prior to the release of nascent platelets into the bloodstream. Granules remain stored in circulating platelets until platelet activation triggers the exocytosis of their contents. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, located on both the granules and target membranes, provide the mechanical energy that enables membrane fusion during both granulogenesis and exocytosis. The function of these core fusion engines is controlled by SNARE regulators, which direct the site, timing, and extent to which these SNAREs interact and consequently the resulting membrane fusion. In this review, we assess new developments in the study of platelet granules, from their generation to their exocytosis.https://f1000research.com/articles/7-236/v1Bleeding & Coagulation Disorders |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Anish Sharda Robert Flaumenhaft |
spellingShingle |
Anish Sharda Robert Flaumenhaft The life cycle of platelet granules [version 1; referees: 2 approved] F1000Research Bleeding & Coagulation Disorders |
author_facet |
Anish Sharda Robert Flaumenhaft |
author_sort |
Anish Sharda |
title |
The life cycle of platelet granules [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
title_short |
The life cycle of platelet granules [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
title_full |
The life cycle of platelet granules [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
title_fullStr |
The life cycle of platelet granules [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
title_full_unstemmed |
The life cycle of platelet granules [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
title_sort |
life cycle of platelet granules [version 1; referees: 2 approved] |
publisher |
F1000 Research Ltd |
series |
F1000Research |
issn |
2046-1402 |
publishDate |
2018-02-01 |
description |
Platelet granules are unique among secretory vesicles in both their content and their life cycle. Platelets contain three major granule types—dense granules, α-granules, and lysosomes—although other granule types have been reported. Dense granules and α-granules are the most well-studied and the most physiologically important. Platelet granules are formed in large, multilobulated cells, termed megakaryocytes, prior to transport into platelets. The biogenesis of dense granules and α-granules involves common but also distinct pathways. Both are formed from the trans-Golgi network and early endosomes and mature in multivesicular bodies, but the formation of dense granules requires trafficking machinery different from that of α-granules. Following formation in the megakaryocyte body, both granule types are transported through and mature in long proplatelet extensions prior to the release of nascent platelets into the bloodstream. Granules remain stored in circulating platelets until platelet activation triggers the exocytosis of their contents. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, located on both the granules and target membranes, provide the mechanical energy that enables membrane fusion during both granulogenesis and exocytosis. The function of these core fusion engines is controlled by SNARE regulators, which direct the site, timing, and extent to which these SNAREs interact and consequently the resulting membrane fusion. In this review, we assess new developments in the study of platelet granules, from their generation to their exocytosis. |
topic |
Bleeding & Coagulation Disorders |
url |
https://f1000research.com/articles/7-236/v1 |
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