Lactation Duration and Long-Term Thyroid Function: A Study among Women with Gestational Diabetes
Lactation is associated with reduced postpartum weight retention and a lower risk of several cardiometabolic disorders in population-based studies. We examined the association between lactation and long-term thyroid function among women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a high-ris...
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doaj-2fe5f8902a684536a773f8e3241defbc2020-11-25T00:40:02ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432018-07-0110793810.3390/nu10070938nu10070938Lactation Duration and Long-Term Thyroid Function: A Study among Women with Gestational DiabetesPranati L. Panuganti0Stefanie N. Hinkle1Shristi Rawal2Louise G. Grunnet3Yuan Lin4Aiyi Liu5Anne C. B. Thuesen6Sylvia H. Ley7Sjurdur F. Olesen8Cuilin Zhang9Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USAEpidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USAEpidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USACentre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, DenmarkEpidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USAEpidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USADepartment of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, DK-2200 Copenhagen, DenmarkHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USACentre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, DenmarkEpidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USALactation is associated with reduced postpartum weight retention and a lower risk of several cardiometabolic disorders in population-based studies. We examined the association between lactation and long-term thyroid function among women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a high-risk population for subsequent metabolic complications. The study included 550 women who developed GDM in the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002) and followed-up in the Diabetes & Women’s Health Study (2012–2014). We assessed adjusted associations between cumulative lactation duration and concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4) measured at follow-up. Women with longer cumulative lactation duration tended to have higher fT3 levels (adjusted β and 95% confidence interval (CI) for ≥12 months vs. none: 0.19 (0.03–0.36); p-trend = 0.05). When restricted to women with a single lifetime pregnancy to control for parity (n = 70), women who lactated for >6 months (vs. none) had higher fT3 levels (0.46 pmol/L (0.12–0.80); p-trend = 0.02) and a higher fT3:fT4 ratio (0.61 (0.17–1.05); p-trend = 0.007). Our findings suggested that a longer duration of lactation may be related to greater serum fT3 levels and fT3:fT4 ratio 9–16 years postpartum among Danish women with a history of GDM. The association was particularly pronounced among women who only had one lifetime pregnancy.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/7/938GDMlactationthyroidtriiodothyroninethyroxinethyroid antibodies |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Pranati L. Panuganti Stefanie N. Hinkle Shristi Rawal Louise G. Grunnet Yuan Lin Aiyi Liu Anne C. B. Thuesen Sylvia H. Ley Sjurdur F. Olesen Cuilin Zhang |
spellingShingle |
Pranati L. Panuganti Stefanie N. Hinkle Shristi Rawal Louise G. Grunnet Yuan Lin Aiyi Liu Anne C. B. Thuesen Sylvia H. Ley Sjurdur F. Olesen Cuilin Zhang Lactation Duration and Long-Term Thyroid Function: A Study among Women with Gestational Diabetes Nutrients GDM lactation thyroid triiodothyronine thyroxine thyroid antibodies |
author_facet |
Pranati L. Panuganti Stefanie N. Hinkle Shristi Rawal Louise G. Grunnet Yuan Lin Aiyi Liu Anne C. B. Thuesen Sylvia H. Ley Sjurdur F. Olesen Cuilin Zhang |
author_sort |
Pranati L. Panuganti |
title |
Lactation Duration and Long-Term Thyroid Function: A Study among Women with Gestational Diabetes |
title_short |
Lactation Duration and Long-Term Thyroid Function: A Study among Women with Gestational Diabetes |
title_full |
Lactation Duration and Long-Term Thyroid Function: A Study among Women with Gestational Diabetes |
title_fullStr |
Lactation Duration and Long-Term Thyroid Function: A Study among Women with Gestational Diabetes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Lactation Duration and Long-Term Thyroid Function: A Study among Women with Gestational Diabetes |
title_sort |
lactation duration and long-term thyroid function: a study among women with gestational diabetes |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2018-07-01 |
description |
Lactation is associated with reduced postpartum weight retention and a lower risk of several cardiometabolic disorders in population-based studies. We examined the association between lactation and long-term thyroid function among women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a high-risk population for subsequent metabolic complications. The study included 550 women who developed GDM in the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002) and followed-up in the Diabetes & Women’s Health Study (2012–2014). We assessed adjusted associations between cumulative lactation duration and concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4) measured at follow-up. Women with longer cumulative lactation duration tended to have higher fT3 levels (adjusted β and 95% confidence interval (CI) for ≥12 months vs. none: 0.19 (0.03–0.36); p-trend = 0.05). When restricted to women with a single lifetime pregnancy to control for parity (n = 70), women who lactated for >6 months (vs. none) had higher fT3 levels (0.46 pmol/L (0.12–0.80); p-trend = 0.02) and a higher fT3:fT4 ratio (0.61 (0.17–1.05); p-trend = 0.007). Our findings suggested that a longer duration of lactation may be related to greater serum fT3 levels and fT3:fT4 ratio 9–16 years postpartum among Danish women with a history of GDM. The association was particularly pronounced among women who only had one lifetime pregnancy. |
topic |
GDM lactation thyroid triiodothyronine thyroxine thyroid antibodies |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/7/938 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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