Economic gradient of onset of disability in India
Abstract Background Disability in India is associated with increasing non-communicable diseases, rising longevity, and increasing accidents and injuries. Though studies have examined prevalence, patterns, and socioeconomic correlates of disability, no attempt has been made in estimating age of onset...
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doaj-3034d6ffa19240e3b1750703aa5d7fbd2021-04-25T11:03:56ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582021-04-0121111110.1186/s12889-021-10826-5Economic gradient of onset of disability in IndiaRadhe Shyam Mishra0Sanjay K. Mohanty1Jack Cordes2Umakanta Sahoo3Rajeev R. Singh4S. V. Subramanian5International Institute for Population SciencesDepartment of Fertility Studies, International Institute for Population SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthInternational Institute for Population SciencesInternational Institute for Population SciencesHarvard Centre for Population and Development Studies, Harvard UniversityAbstract Background Disability in India is associated with increasing non-communicable diseases, rising longevity, and increasing accidents and injuries. Though studies have examined prevalence, patterns, and socioeconomic correlates of disability, no attempt has been made in estimating age of onset of disability in India. Objective This paper investigates the economic gradient of age of onset of locomotor, visual, hearing, speech, mental retardation, mental illness, and other disabilities in India. Method We use nationally representative data of 106,894 disabled individuals from the 76th round of National Sample Survey (NSS), 2018. Descriptive statistics, kernel density, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and linear regression models are used in the analysis. Result The disability rate in India was 2184 per 100,000 persons. The disability rate was highest for locomotor (1353) followed by hearing (296), visual (234), speech (228), mental retardation (158), and mental illness (131). Over 85% of mental retardation and 80% of speech disabilities occur at birth, while 82% of locomotor and 81% of visual disabilities occur after birth. Among those who had disability after birth, the median age for mental retardation was 2 years followed by mental illness (28 years), speech (29 years), locomotor (42 years), visual (55 years), and 56 years for hearing disability. Adjusting for socioeconomic covariates, the age of onset of locomotor and speech disabilities among the poorest individuals were 7 and 11 years earlier than the richest, respectively. Conclusion The economic gradient of onset of locomotive and speech disabilities are strong. The age of onset of disability was earliest for mental retardation followed by mental illness and speech disability.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10826-5DisabilityEconomic gradientOnset, type of disabilityIndia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Radhe Shyam Mishra Sanjay K. Mohanty Jack Cordes Umakanta Sahoo Rajeev R. Singh S. V. Subramanian |
spellingShingle |
Radhe Shyam Mishra Sanjay K. Mohanty Jack Cordes Umakanta Sahoo Rajeev R. Singh S. V. Subramanian Economic gradient of onset of disability in India BMC Public Health Disability Economic gradient Onset, type of disability India |
author_facet |
Radhe Shyam Mishra Sanjay K. Mohanty Jack Cordes Umakanta Sahoo Rajeev R. Singh S. V. Subramanian |
author_sort |
Radhe Shyam Mishra |
title |
Economic gradient of onset of disability in India |
title_short |
Economic gradient of onset of disability in India |
title_full |
Economic gradient of onset of disability in India |
title_fullStr |
Economic gradient of onset of disability in India |
title_full_unstemmed |
Economic gradient of onset of disability in India |
title_sort |
economic gradient of onset of disability in india |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Public Health |
issn |
1471-2458 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Disability in India is associated with increasing non-communicable diseases, rising longevity, and increasing accidents and injuries. Though studies have examined prevalence, patterns, and socioeconomic correlates of disability, no attempt has been made in estimating age of onset of disability in India. Objective This paper investigates the economic gradient of age of onset of locomotor, visual, hearing, speech, mental retardation, mental illness, and other disabilities in India. Method We use nationally representative data of 106,894 disabled individuals from the 76th round of National Sample Survey (NSS), 2018. Descriptive statistics, kernel density, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and linear regression models are used in the analysis. Result The disability rate in India was 2184 per 100,000 persons. The disability rate was highest for locomotor (1353) followed by hearing (296), visual (234), speech (228), mental retardation (158), and mental illness (131). Over 85% of mental retardation and 80% of speech disabilities occur at birth, while 82% of locomotor and 81% of visual disabilities occur after birth. Among those who had disability after birth, the median age for mental retardation was 2 years followed by mental illness (28 years), speech (29 years), locomotor (42 years), visual (55 years), and 56 years for hearing disability. Adjusting for socioeconomic covariates, the age of onset of locomotor and speech disabilities among the poorest individuals were 7 and 11 years earlier than the richest, respectively. Conclusion The economic gradient of onset of locomotive and speech disabilities are strong. The age of onset of disability was earliest for mental retardation followed by mental illness and speech disability. |
topic |
Disability Economic gradient Onset, type of disability India |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10826-5 |
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