Measuring mosquito control: adult-mosquito catches vs egg-trap data as endpoints of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfen
Abstract Background Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus are the main urban vectors of arthropod-borne viruses causing human disease, including dengue, Zika, or West Nile. Although key to disease prevention, urban-mosquito control has met only limited success. Alternative vector-control tactics...
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2020-07-01
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Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
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Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-020-04221-z |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Klauss K. S. Garcia Hanid S. Versiani Taís O. Araújo João P. A. Conceição Marcos T. Obara Walter M. Ramalho Thaís T. C. Minuzzi-Souza Gustavo D. Gomes Elisa N. Vianna Renata V. Timbó Vinicios G. C. Barbosa Maridalva S. P. Rezende Luciana P. F. Martins Glauco O. Macedo Bruno L. Carvalho Israel M. Moreira Lorrainy A. Bartasson Nadjar Nitz Sérgio L. B. Luz Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves Fernando Abad-Franch |
spellingShingle |
Klauss K. S. Garcia Hanid S. Versiani Taís O. Araújo João P. A. Conceição Marcos T. Obara Walter M. Ramalho Thaís T. C. Minuzzi-Souza Gustavo D. Gomes Elisa N. Vianna Renata V. Timbó Vinicios G. C. Barbosa Maridalva S. P. Rezende Luciana P. F. Martins Glauco O. Macedo Bruno L. Carvalho Israel M. Moreira Lorrainy A. Bartasson Nadjar Nitz Sérgio L. B. Luz Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves Fernando Abad-Franch Measuring mosquito control: adult-mosquito catches vs egg-trap data as endpoints of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfen Parasites & Vectors Mosquito-borne diseases Mosquito control Vector surveillance Cluster randomized controlled trial Pyriproxyfen |
author_facet |
Klauss K. S. Garcia Hanid S. Versiani Taís O. Araújo João P. A. Conceição Marcos T. Obara Walter M. Ramalho Thaís T. C. Minuzzi-Souza Gustavo D. Gomes Elisa N. Vianna Renata V. Timbó Vinicios G. C. Barbosa Maridalva S. P. Rezende Luciana P. F. Martins Glauco O. Macedo Bruno L. Carvalho Israel M. Moreira Lorrainy A. Bartasson Nadjar Nitz Sérgio L. B. Luz Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves Fernando Abad-Franch |
author_sort |
Klauss K. S. Garcia |
title |
Measuring mosquito control: adult-mosquito catches vs egg-trap data as endpoints of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfen |
title_short |
Measuring mosquito control: adult-mosquito catches vs egg-trap data as endpoints of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfen |
title_full |
Measuring mosquito control: adult-mosquito catches vs egg-trap data as endpoints of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfen |
title_fullStr |
Measuring mosquito control: adult-mosquito catches vs egg-trap data as endpoints of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfen |
title_full_unstemmed |
Measuring mosquito control: adult-mosquito catches vs egg-trap data as endpoints of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfen |
title_sort |
measuring mosquito control: adult-mosquito catches vs egg-trap data as endpoints of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfen |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Parasites & Vectors |
issn |
1756-3305 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus are the main urban vectors of arthropod-borne viruses causing human disease, including dengue, Zika, or West Nile. Although key to disease prevention, urban-mosquito control has met only limited success. Alternative vector-control tactics are therefore being developed and tested, often using entomological endpoints to measure impact. Here, we test one promising alternative and assess how three such endpoints perform at measuring its effects. Methods We conducted a 16-month, two-arm, cluster-randomized controlled trial (CRCT) of mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfen (MD-PPF) in central-western Brazil. We used three entomological endpoints: adult-mosquito density as directly measured by active aspiration of adult mosquitoes, and egg-trap-based indices of female Aedes presence (proportion of positive egg-traps) and possibly abundance (number of eggs per egg-trap). Using generalized linear mixed models, we estimated MD-PPF effects on these endpoints while accounting for the non-independence of repeated observations and for intervention-unrelated sources of spatial-temporal variation. Results On average, MD-PPF reduced adult-mosquito density by 66.3% (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 47.3–78.4%); Cx. quinquefasciatus density fell by 55.5% (95% CI: 21.1–74.8%), and Ae. aegypti density by 60.0% (95% CI: 28.7–77.5%). In contrast, MD-PPF had no measurable effect on either Aedes egg counts or egg-trap positivity, both of which decreased somewhat in the intervention cluster but also in the control cluster. Egg-trap data, therefore, failed to reflect the 60.0% mean reduction of adult Aedes density associated with MD-PPF deployment. Conclusions Our results suggest that the widely used egg-trap-based monitoring may poorly measure the impact of Aedes control; even if more costly, direct monitoring of the adult mosquito population is likely to provide a much more realistic and informative picture of intervention effects. In our CRCT, MD-PPF reduced adult-mosquito density by 66.3% in a medium-sized, spatially non-isolated, tropical urban neighborhood. Broader-scale trials will be necessary to measure MD-PPF impact on arboviral-disease transmission. |
topic |
Mosquito-borne diseases Mosquito control Vector surveillance Cluster randomized controlled trial Pyriproxyfen |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-020-04221-z |
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doaj-305c685b16c44e75ab9c38929d222e162020-11-25T03:33:42ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052020-07-0113111510.1186/s13071-020-04221-zMeasuring mosquito control: adult-mosquito catches vs egg-trap data as endpoints of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfenKlauss K. S. Garcia0Hanid S. Versiani1Taís O. Araújo2João P. A. Conceição3Marcos T. Obara4Walter M. Ramalho5Thaís T. C. Minuzzi-Souza6Gustavo D. Gomes7Elisa N. Vianna8Renata V. Timbó9Vinicios G. C. Barbosa10Maridalva S. P. Rezende11Luciana P. F. Martins12Glauco O. Macedo13Bruno L. Carvalho14Israel M. Moreira15Lorrainy A. Bartasson16Nadjar Nitz17Sérgio L. B. Luz18Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves19Fernando Abad-Franch20Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaLaboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaLaboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaNúcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaNúcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaNúcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaSecretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da SaúdeLaboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaSecretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da SaúdeLaboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaLaboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaLaboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaLaboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaLaboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaNúcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaDiretoria de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Subsecretaria de Vigilância à Saúde, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Distrito FederalDiretoria de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Subsecretaria de Vigilância à Saúde, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Distrito FederalLaboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaInstituto Leônidas e Maria Deane–Fiocruz AmazôniaNúcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaNúcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de BrasíliaAbstract Background Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus are the main urban vectors of arthropod-borne viruses causing human disease, including dengue, Zika, or West Nile. Although key to disease prevention, urban-mosquito control has met only limited success. Alternative vector-control tactics are therefore being developed and tested, often using entomological endpoints to measure impact. Here, we test one promising alternative and assess how three such endpoints perform at measuring its effects. Methods We conducted a 16-month, two-arm, cluster-randomized controlled trial (CRCT) of mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfen (MD-PPF) in central-western Brazil. We used three entomological endpoints: adult-mosquito density as directly measured by active aspiration of adult mosquitoes, and egg-trap-based indices of female Aedes presence (proportion of positive egg-traps) and possibly abundance (number of eggs per egg-trap). Using generalized linear mixed models, we estimated MD-PPF effects on these endpoints while accounting for the non-independence of repeated observations and for intervention-unrelated sources of spatial-temporal variation. Results On average, MD-PPF reduced adult-mosquito density by 66.3% (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 47.3–78.4%); Cx. quinquefasciatus density fell by 55.5% (95% CI: 21.1–74.8%), and Ae. aegypti density by 60.0% (95% CI: 28.7–77.5%). In contrast, MD-PPF had no measurable effect on either Aedes egg counts or egg-trap positivity, both of which decreased somewhat in the intervention cluster but also in the control cluster. Egg-trap data, therefore, failed to reflect the 60.0% mean reduction of adult Aedes density associated with MD-PPF deployment. Conclusions Our results suggest that the widely used egg-trap-based monitoring may poorly measure the impact of Aedes control; even if more costly, direct monitoring of the adult mosquito population is likely to provide a much more realistic and informative picture of intervention effects. In our CRCT, MD-PPF reduced adult-mosquito density by 66.3% in a medium-sized, spatially non-isolated, tropical urban neighborhood. Broader-scale trials will be necessary to measure MD-PPF impact on arboviral-disease transmission.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-020-04221-zMosquito-borne diseasesMosquito controlVector surveillanceCluster randomized controlled trialPyriproxyfen |