Improved Dimensional Stability and Mold Resistance of Bamboo via In Situ Growth of Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-<i>N</i>-Isopropyl Acrylamide)
Bamboo is a natural and renewable building material but its application has been limited due to the low dimensional stability and poor durability against mold. In this study, monomers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and <i>N</i>-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) were impregnated in bamboo...
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doaj-311f379884ef450d804d571284c0e68a2020-11-25T03:43:06ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-07-01121584158410.3390/polym12071584Improved Dimensional Stability and Mold Resistance of Bamboo via In Situ Growth of Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-<i>N</i>-Isopropyl Acrylamide)Tingsong Liu0Wenhao Zhang1Jie Wang2Yan Zhang3Hui Wang4Fangli Sun5Lili Cai6School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaSchool of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaSchool of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaSchool of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaSchool of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaSchool of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaDepartment of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USABamboo is a natural and renewable building material but its application has been limited due to the low dimensional stability and poor durability against mold. In this study, monomers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and <i>N</i>-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) were impregnated in bamboo to facilitate the <i>in situ</i> growth of poly-HEMA and NIPAM (PHN) copolymer. Prior to that, the effects of different reaction conditions, including the molar ratio of HEMA to NIPAM and their concentrations, the amount of initiator (ammonium persulfate, APS) and crosslinking agents (<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), and glutaric dialdehyde (GA)) on the swelling capacity of PHN were optimized. The formation of PHN was confirmed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, which shows the characteristics peaks of both HEMA and NIPAM, and increased pyrolysis and glass transition temperatures, respectively. After impregnation of PHN pre-polymerization formulation to bamboo, it was observed that PHN filled most of the pits in the bamboo cell wall and formed a tight network. Moreover, the dimensional stability of PHN treated bamboo was significantly improved with an anti-swelling efficiency of 49.4% and 41.7%, respectively, after wetting–drying and soaking–drying cycles. A mold infection rate of 13.5% was observed in PHN-treated bamboo as compared to a 100% infected control group after a 30-day mold resistance test. Combined results indicate that <i>in situ</i> polymerization of HEMA and NIPAM in bamboo is a promising method to develop exterior used bamboo products with enhanced dimensional stability and mold resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/7/1584bamboohydroxyethyl methacrylate<i>N</i>-isopropyl acrylamide<i>in situ</i> polymerizationdimensional stabilitymold resistance |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tingsong Liu Wenhao Zhang Jie Wang Yan Zhang Hui Wang Fangli Sun Lili Cai |
spellingShingle |
Tingsong Liu Wenhao Zhang Jie Wang Yan Zhang Hui Wang Fangli Sun Lili Cai Improved Dimensional Stability and Mold Resistance of Bamboo via In Situ Growth of Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-<i>N</i>-Isopropyl Acrylamide) Polymers bamboo hydroxyethyl methacrylate <i>N</i>-isopropyl acrylamide <i>in situ</i> polymerization dimensional stability mold resistance |
author_facet |
Tingsong Liu Wenhao Zhang Jie Wang Yan Zhang Hui Wang Fangli Sun Lili Cai |
author_sort |
Tingsong Liu |
title |
Improved Dimensional Stability and Mold Resistance of Bamboo via In Situ Growth of Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-<i>N</i>-Isopropyl Acrylamide) |
title_short |
Improved Dimensional Stability and Mold Resistance of Bamboo via In Situ Growth of Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-<i>N</i>-Isopropyl Acrylamide) |
title_full |
Improved Dimensional Stability and Mold Resistance of Bamboo via In Situ Growth of Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-<i>N</i>-Isopropyl Acrylamide) |
title_fullStr |
Improved Dimensional Stability and Mold Resistance of Bamboo via In Situ Growth of Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-<i>N</i>-Isopropyl Acrylamide) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Improved Dimensional Stability and Mold Resistance of Bamboo via In Situ Growth of Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-<i>N</i>-Isopropyl Acrylamide) |
title_sort |
improved dimensional stability and mold resistance of bamboo via in situ growth of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-<i>n</i>-isopropyl acrylamide) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Bamboo is a natural and renewable building material but its application has been limited due to the low dimensional stability and poor durability against mold. In this study, monomers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and <i>N</i>-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) were impregnated in bamboo to facilitate the <i>in situ</i> growth of poly-HEMA and NIPAM (PHN) copolymer. Prior to that, the effects of different reaction conditions, including the molar ratio of HEMA to NIPAM and their concentrations, the amount of initiator (ammonium persulfate, APS) and crosslinking agents (<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), and glutaric dialdehyde (GA)) on the swelling capacity of PHN were optimized. The formation of PHN was confirmed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, which shows the characteristics peaks of both HEMA and NIPAM, and increased pyrolysis and glass transition temperatures, respectively. After impregnation of PHN pre-polymerization formulation to bamboo, it was observed that PHN filled most of the pits in the bamboo cell wall and formed a tight network. Moreover, the dimensional stability of PHN treated bamboo was significantly improved with an anti-swelling efficiency of 49.4% and 41.7%, respectively, after wetting–drying and soaking–drying cycles. A mold infection rate of 13.5% was observed in PHN-treated bamboo as compared to a 100% infected control group after a 30-day mold resistance test. Combined results indicate that <i>in situ</i> polymerization of HEMA and NIPAM in bamboo is a promising method to develop exterior used bamboo products with enhanced dimensional stability and mold resistance. |
topic |
bamboo hydroxyethyl methacrylate <i>N</i>-isopropyl acrylamide <i>in situ</i> polymerization dimensional stability mold resistance |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/7/1584 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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