Poisoning of cattle by Senecio spp. in Brazil: a review
ABSTRACT: Poisoning of cattle by plants of the Senecio genus represents an important cause of death in cattle and has important economic repercussions in southern Brazil. This review is intended to provide a detailed review of Senecio spp. intoxication in cattle and addresses issues regarding the to...
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Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA)
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doaj-31c87e35e1554bf98262c908b6be64aa2020-11-25T00:38:29ZengColégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA)Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira1678-51503881459147010.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5795S0100-736X2018000801459Poisoning of cattle by Senecio spp. in Brazil: a reviewWelden PanzieraSaulo P. PavariniLuciana SonneClaudio S.L. BarrosDavid DriemeierABSTRACT: Poisoning of cattle by plants of the Senecio genus represents an important cause of death in cattle and has important economic repercussions in southern Brazil. This review is intended to provide a detailed review of Senecio spp. intoxication in cattle and addresses issues regarding the toxic principle and pathogenesis of the disease caused by these plants and the epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, control and prophylaxis of the disease. Senecio brasiliensis is the main species associated with natural intoxication of livestock in Brazil, and the number of cases associated with the ingestion of S. madagascariensis is increasing. The toxic principle of Senecio spp. comprises the hepatotoxic alkaloids of the pyrrolizidine group (pyrrolizidine alkaloids, PAs). The resulting liver lesions are chronic and irreversible and result from the inhibition of hepatocellular mitosis. Deaths of adult cattle may occur both sporadically and in larger outbreaks over an extended period of time. In cattle raising, Senecio spp. are consumed mainly during the winter, when there is a dearth of forage; at this time the poisonous Senecio species are budding and contain high concentrations of PAs. Spontaneous Senecio spp. intoxication in cattle is a chronic condition that frequently involves acute clinical manifestations. Affected cattle may present ascites, emaciation, intermittent dark diarrhea, tenesmus, rectal prolapse, and neurological signs resulting from hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatogenous photosensitization may be observed but is uncommon. Necropsy findings include dependent subcutaneous edema, ascites, and edema of the mesentery, abomasal folds, and gallbladder. The liver is firm, normal or reduced in size with a white, thick capsule. Microscopically, the hallmarks of Senecio-associated disease are varying degrees of hepatocellular megalocytosis, bile duct hyperplasia and fibrosis. Sheep are significantly more resistant to Senecio intoxication than are cattle and avidly ingest Senecio plants; therefore, the use of sheep for grazing infested pasture is recommended for preventing the associated disease in cattle.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-736X2018000801459&lng=en&tlng=enPoisonous plantsSenecio spp.Brazildiseases of cattleintoxicationsdiseases of the liverplant poisoningcattlesheeptoxicoses |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Welden Panziera Saulo P. Pavarini Luciana Sonne Claudio S.L. Barros David Driemeier |
spellingShingle |
Welden Panziera Saulo P. Pavarini Luciana Sonne Claudio S.L. Barros David Driemeier Poisoning of cattle by Senecio spp. in Brazil: a review Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Poisonous plants Senecio spp. Brazil diseases of cattle intoxications diseases of the liver plant poisoning cattle sheep toxicoses |
author_facet |
Welden Panziera Saulo P. Pavarini Luciana Sonne Claudio S.L. Barros David Driemeier |
author_sort |
Welden Panziera |
title |
Poisoning of cattle by Senecio spp. in Brazil: a review |
title_short |
Poisoning of cattle by Senecio spp. in Brazil: a review |
title_full |
Poisoning of cattle by Senecio spp. in Brazil: a review |
title_fullStr |
Poisoning of cattle by Senecio spp. in Brazil: a review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Poisoning of cattle by Senecio spp. in Brazil: a review |
title_sort |
poisoning of cattle by senecio spp. in brazil: a review |
publisher |
Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA) |
series |
Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira |
issn |
1678-5150 |
description |
ABSTRACT: Poisoning of cattle by plants of the Senecio genus represents an important cause of death in cattle and has important economic repercussions in southern Brazil. This review is intended to provide a detailed review of Senecio spp. intoxication in cattle and addresses issues regarding the toxic principle and pathogenesis of the disease caused by these plants and the epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, control and prophylaxis of the disease. Senecio brasiliensis is the main species associated with natural intoxication of livestock in Brazil, and the number of cases associated with the ingestion of S. madagascariensis is increasing. The toxic principle of Senecio spp. comprises the hepatotoxic alkaloids of the pyrrolizidine group (pyrrolizidine alkaloids, PAs). The resulting liver lesions are chronic and irreversible and result from the inhibition of hepatocellular mitosis. Deaths of adult cattle may occur both sporadically and in larger outbreaks over an extended period of time. In cattle raising, Senecio spp. are consumed mainly during the winter, when there is a dearth of forage; at this time the poisonous Senecio species are budding and contain high concentrations of PAs. Spontaneous Senecio spp. intoxication in cattle is a chronic condition that frequently involves acute clinical manifestations. Affected cattle may present ascites, emaciation, intermittent dark diarrhea, tenesmus, rectal prolapse, and neurological signs resulting from hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatogenous photosensitization may be observed but is uncommon. Necropsy findings include dependent subcutaneous edema, ascites, and edema of the mesentery, abomasal folds, and gallbladder. The liver is firm, normal or reduced in size with a white, thick capsule. Microscopically, the hallmarks of Senecio-associated disease are varying degrees of hepatocellular megalocytosis, bile duct hyperplasia and fibrosis. Sheep are significantly more resistant to Senecio intoxication than are cattle and avidly ingest Senecio plants; therefore, the use of sheep for grazing infested pasture is recommended for preventing the associated disease in cattle. |
topic |
Poisonous plants Senecio spp. Brazil diseases of cattle intoxications diseases of the liver plant poisoning cattle sheep toxicoses |
url |
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-736X2018000801459&lng=en&tlng=en |
work_keys_str_mv |
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