Impact of taxes on purchases of close substitute foods: analysis of cross-price elasticities using data from a randomized experiment
Abstract Objective To examine the effects of health-related food taxes on substitution and complementary purchases within food groups, including from unhealthier to healthier alternatives and between brands. Methods We used data from a virtual supermarket experiment with data from 4,259 shopping eve...
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doaj-323700cc478c4b5a82d9a92eebf820a62021-09-12T11:09:55ZengBMCNutrition Journal1475-28912021-09-0120111010.1186/s12937-021-00736-yImpact of taxes on purchases of close substitute foods: analysis of cross-price elasticities using data from a randomized experimentJody C. Hoenink0Wilma E. Waterlander1Joreintje D. Mackenbach2Cliona Ni Mhurchu3Nick Wilson4Joline W. J. Beulens5Nhung Nghiem6Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteNational Institute for Health Innovation, University of AucklandDepartment of Public Health, University of OtagoAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteDepartment of Public Health, University of OtagoAbstract Objective To examine the effects of health-related food taxes on substitution and complementary purchases within food groups, including from unhealthier to healthier alternatives and between brands. Methods We used data from a virtual supermarket experiment with data from 4,259 shopping events linked to varying price sets. Substitution or complementary effects within six frequently purchased food categories were analyzed. Products’ own- and cross-price elasticities were analyzed using Almost Ideal Demand System models. Results Overall, 37.5% of cross-price elasticities were significant (p < 0.05) and included values greater than 0.10. Supplementary and complementary effects were particularly found in the dairy, meats and snacks categories. For example, a 1% increase in the price of high saturated fat dairy was associated with a 0.18% (SE 0.06%) increase in purchases of low saturated fat dairy. For name- and home-brand products, significant substitution effects were found in 50% (n = 3) of cases, but only in one case this was above the 0.10 threshold. Conclusions/policy implications Given the relatively low own-price elasticities and the limited substitution and complementary effects, relatively high taxes are needed to substantively increase healthy food purchases at the population level. Trial registration This study included secondary analyses; the original trial was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616000122459 .https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-021-00736-yPricing strategiesIntervention studyFood policyFood taxes |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jody C. Hoenink Wilma E. Waterlander Joreintje D. Mackenbach Cliona Ni Mhurchu Nick Wilson Joline W. J. Beulens Nhung Nghiem |
spellingShingle |
Jody C. Hoenink Wilma E. Waterlander Joreintje D. Mackenbach Cliona Ni Mhurchu Nick Wilson Joline W. J. Beulens Nhung Nghiem Impact of taxes on purchases of close substitute foods: analysis of cross-price elasticities using data from a randomized experiment Nutrition Journal Pricing strategies Intervention study Food policy Food taxes |
author_facet |
Jody C. Hoenink Wilma E. Waterlander Joreintje D. Mackenbach Cliona Ni Mhurchu Nick Wilson Joline W. J. Beulens Nhung Nghiem |
author_sort |
Jody C. Hoenink |
title |
Impact of taxes on purchases of close substitute foods: analysis of cross-price elasticities using data from a randomized experiment |
title_short |
Impact of taxes on purchases of close substitute foods: analysis of cross-price elasticities using data from a randomized experiment |
title_full |
Impact of taxes on purchases of close substitute foods: analysis of cross-price elasticities using data from a randomized experiment |
title_fullStr |
Impact of taxes on purchases of close substitute foods: analysis of cross-price elasticities using data from a randomized experiment |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of taxes on purchases of close substitute foods: analysis of cross-price elasticities using data from a randomized experiment |
title_sort |
impact of taxes on purchases of close substitute foods: analysis of cross-price elasticities using data from a randomized experiment |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Nutrition Journal |
issn |
1475-2891 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Abstract Objective To examine the effects of health-related food taxes on substitution and complementary purchases within food groups, including from unhealthier to healthier alternatives and between brands. Methods We used data from a virtual supermarket experiment with data from 4,259 shopping events linked to varying price sets. Substitution or complementary effects within six frequently purchased food categories were analyzed. Products’ own- and cross-price elasticities were analyzed using Almost Ideal Demand System models. Results Overall, 37.5% of cross-price elasticities were significant (p < 0.05) and included values greater than 0.10. Supplementary and complementary effects were particularly found in the dairy, meats and snacks categories. For example, a 1% increase in the price of high saturated fat dairy was associated with a 0.18% (SE 0.06%) increase in purchases of low saturated fat dairy. For name- and home-brand products, significant substitution effects were found in 50% (n = 3) of cases, but only in one case this was above the 0.10 threshold. Conclusions/policy implications Given the relatively low own-price elasticities and the limited substitution and complementary effects, relatively high taxes are needed to substantively increase healthy food purchases at the population level. Trial registration This study included secondary analyses; the original trial was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616000122459 . |
topic |
Pricing strategies Intervention study Food policy Food taxes |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-021-00736-y |
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